CIS 524 Week 8 Discussions

Week 8 DQ 1

"System Documentation" Please respond to the following:

• Ray and Jason have just finished developing the documentation for a system your team recently completed. Ray insists that the documentation should be printed in booklet format and included with the system. Jason insists that paper manuals are outdated and that the documentation should only be distributed electronically via DVD. Compare and contrast the use of online documentation and paper documentation. Then, make a decision about what documentation you will provide with your system and explain it to Ray and Jason. 
• Debate whether or not to give credit to authors and designers of training manuals. Support your argument.

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Week 8 DQ 2

"Online Communities" Please respond to the following:

• Evaluate online tutorials and online communities in regard to helping users. Create an argument for the approach you find to be the most effective and explain why. 
• From the e-Activity, evaluate at least two sites or tools for developing end user documentation. Discuss the abilities the sites or tools provide and how the sites or tools aid in the creation of user documentation. Make a suggestion to improve the site or tool.

FIN 534 Homework Set 5 Week 10

Directions: Answer the following questions on a separate document.

Explain how you reached the answer or show your work if a mathematical calculation is needed, or both. Submit your assignment using the assignment link in the course shell. This homework assignment is worth 100 points. Use the following information for Questions 1 and 2: Boehm Corporation has had stable earnings growth of 8% a year for the past 10 years and in 2013 Boehm paid dividends of $2.6 million on net income of $9.8 million. However, in 2014 earnings are expected to jump to $12.6 million, and Boehm plans to invest $7.3 million in a plant expansion. This onetime unusual earnings growth won’t be maintained, though, and after 2014 Boehm will return to its previous 8% earnings growth rate. Its target debt ratio is 35%. Calculate Boehm’s total dividends for 2014 under each of the following policies:

1. (a) Its 2014 dividend payment is set to force dividends to grow at the long-run growth rate in earnings.

(b) It continues the 2013 dividend payout ratio.

2. (a) It uses a pure residual policy with all distributions in the form of dividends (35% of the $7.3 million investment is financed with debt).

(b) It employs a regular-dividend-plus-extras policy, with the regular dividend being based on the long-run growth rate and the extra dividend being set according to the residual policy.

Use the following information for Questions 3 and 4: Schweser Satellites Inc. produces satellite earth stations that sell for $100,000 each. The firm’s fixed costs, F, are $2 million, 50 earth stations are produced and sold each year, profits total $500,000, and the firm’s assets (all equity financed) are $5 million. The firm estimates that it can change its production process, adding $4 million to investment and $500,000 to fixed operating costs.

This change will (1) reduce variable costs per unit by $10,000 and (2) increase output by 20 units, but (3) the sales price on all units will have to be lowered to $95,000 to permit sales of the additional output. The firm has tax loss carryforwards that render its tax rate zero, its cost of equity is 16%, and it uses no debt. 3. What is the incremental profit? To get a rough idea of the project’s profitability, what is the project’s expected rate of return for the next year (defined as the incremental profit divided by the investment)? Should the firm make the investment? Why or why not?

http://hwacer.com/Tutorial/fin-534-homework-set-5-week-10/

4. Would the firm’s break-even point increase or decrease if it made the change?

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PAD 500 Week 9 Assignment 3

Assignment 3: Leadership and Ethics

Due Week 9 and worth 220 points

In this assignment, you will build upon the two (2) challenges that you had identified in Assignment 2, Question 4.

Use the Internet or the Strayer Library to research articles on public agencies or non-profit organizations for which your proposed challenges may not be considered actual challenges.

Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you:

1. Propose two (2) ethical concerns that management may need to address. Create the context in which such concerns may or may not be ethical in nature. Provide a rationale for your response.
2. Analyze the overall manner in which organizational structure impacts organizational ethics. Select one (1) public agency or one (1) non-profit organization in which your challenges may not be considered actual challenges. Provide a rationale for your response.
3. Use the Inventory of Public Management Skills Management, located on pages 11 to 12 of the textbook, to construct a self-evaluation. Assess your level of development in each of the skills. Propose two (2) to three (3) activities that would help you to improve the skills in question.
4. Use the results of your self-evaluation and recommendations from Question 3 to formulate a response to the challenges that you have presented that creates a win-win situation for the organization, the employees, and the public. Predict two (2) potential obstacles to success and two (2) plans to overcome such obstacles.
5. Include at least four (4) academic references (no more than five [5] years old) from material outside the textbook and no more than one (1) governmental Website. Note: Appropriate academic resources include academic and governmental Websites, scholarly texts, and peer-reviewed articles. Wikipedia, other wikis, and any other Websites ending in anything other than ".gov" do not qualify as academic resources.

http://hwacer.com/Tutorial/pad-500-week-9-assignment-3/

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.

• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student's name, the professor's name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

• Rearrange public administration, both the traditional and the new approaches, from structural, functional, and process perspectives, as well as the key goals of the public and private sector.
• Predict the changing nature and responsibilities for managing public and nonprofit organizations.
• Critique ethics in public service and its influence on the study of public administration as it relates to political choice.
• Compose the concepts of public leadership and management essential to the study of public administration.
• Use technology and information resources to research issues in public administration.
• Write clearly and concisely about public administration using proper writing mechanics.

Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic / organization of the paper, and language and writing skills.

PAD 500 Week 9 Discussion

"Administrative Reform, Productivity, and Performance"  Please respond to the following:

Week 9 Disc

"Administrative Reform, Productivity, and Performance"  Please respond to the following:

• Interpret the significant impact of New Public Management on Non-Profit Reform. Next, infer two (2) challenges that are associated with implementing the reform in non-profits. Provide a rationale for your response.

• According to the text, the increased use of technology may be a threat to public administration and national security. Construct a scenario in which you support this theory, and propose two (2) methods geared towards minimizing the technological threats identified within your scenario.

Week 9 Disc

"Administrative Reform, Productivity, and Performance"  Please respond to the following:

• Interpret the significant impact of New Public Management on Non-Profit Reform. Next, infer two (2) challenges that are associated with implementing the reform in non-profits. Provide a rationale for your response.

http://hwacer.com/Tutorial/pad-500-week-9-discussion/

• According to the text, the increased use of technology may be a threat to public administration and national security. Construct a scenario in which you support this theory, and propose two (2) methods geared towards minimizing the technological threats identified within your scenario.

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PAD 500 Week 8 Discussion

"Leadership and Management Skills"  Please respond to the following. Note: Online students, please respond to two (2) of the following four (4) bulleted items.

• Generate two (2) advantages and  two (2) disadvantages of group decision making within the context of deciding how to spend revenue obtained from a new sales tax. Include at least two (2) examples of such advantages and disadvantages to support your position.

• Review the bases of social power, discussed in Chapter 9 of the textbook. Appraise two (2) types of power, and predict two (2) ways in which these powers are limited in public organizations and / or non-profit organizations. Provide support for your rationale.

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• Review the main principles of effective listening, and select two (2) listening skills that you do well and two (2) listening skills upon which you could improve. Next, create a scenario in which you could implement the improvements that you have selected.

• It is well known that, at times, public administrators have to make unpopular decisions. From the e-Activity, propose two (2) leadership skills that are required for making difficult decisions in the current political environment. Next, propose two (2) actions that public administrators could use in order to implement an unpopular government policy or decision. Provide a rationale for your response.

CIS 599 Week 6 Project Deliverable 3

Project Deliverable 3: Database and Data Warehousing Design

Due Week 6 and worth 120 points

This assignment consists of two (2) sections: a design document and a revised project plan. You must submit both sections as separate files for the completion of this assignment. Label each file name according to the section of the assignment it is written for. Additionally, you may create and / or assume all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment.

One of the main functions of any business is to transform data into information. The use of relational databases and data warehousing has gained recognition as a standard for organizations. A quality database design makes the flow of data seamless. The database schema is the foundation of the relational database. The schema defines the tables, fields, relationships, views, indexes, and other elements. The schema should be created by envisioning the business, processes, and workflow of the company. Since your company is an innovative Internet-based company, movement toward data warehousing seems to be one of the most viable options to give your company a competitive advantage; however, these concepts must be explained to the executive board in a manner to garner support.  

Section 1: Design Document

Write a six to ten (6-10) page design document in which you:

1. Support the need for the use of relational databases and data warehousing. From a management standpoint, it may be important to show the efficiencies that can be gained for executive oversight. 
2. Create a database schema that supports the company’s business and processes. Explain and support the database schema with relevant arguments that support the rationale for the structure. Note: The minimum requirement for the schema should entail the tables, fields, relationships, views, and indexes.
3. Identify and create database tables with appropriate field-naming conventions. Then, identify primary keys and foreign keys, and explain how referential integrity will be achieved. Normalize the database tables to third normal form (3NF). 
4. Identify and create an Entity-Relationship (E-R) Diagram relating the tables of the database schema through the use of graphical tools in Microsoft Visio or an open source alternative such as Dia. Note: The graphically depicted solution is not included in the required page length but must be included in the design document appendix. Explain your rationale behind the design of the E-R Diagram. 
5. Identify and create a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) relating the tables of your database schema through the use of graphical tools in Microsoft Visio or an open source alternative such as Dia. Note: The graphically depicted solution is not included in the required page length but must be included in the design document appendix. Explain the rationale behind the design of your DFD. 
6. Illustrate the flow of data including both inputs and outputs for the use of a data warehouse. The diagram should map data between source systems, operational systems, data warehouses and specified data marts. Note: The graphically depicted solution is not included in the required page length.

http://hwacer.com/Tutorial/cis-599-project-deliverable-3/

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
• Include charts or diagrams created in MS Visio or Dia as an appendix of the design document. All references to these diagrams must be included in the body of the design document.

Section 2: Revised Project Plan

Use Microsoft Project to:

1. Update the project plan (summary and detail) template, from Project Deliverable 2: Business Requirements, with three to five (3-5) new project tasks each consisting of five to ten (5-10) subtasks.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

• Describe the methods and best practices in implementing process change in IT organizations. 
• Describe the role and methods of technology-induced process improvement in organizations. 
• Use technology and information resources to research issues in information systems.
• Write clearly and concisely about leadership issues and strategic insight of the Information systems domain using proper writing mechanics and technical style conventions.
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PAD 500 Week 7 Discussion

"Ethics of Public Service"  Please respond to the following. Note: Online students, please respond to two (2) of the following three (3) bulleted items.

From the first and second articles of the e-Activity, review three to four (3-4) codes of the ASPA Codes of Conduct from 1994 and 2013. Appraise the significance of changing the ethical guidelines in order to ensure that they match the current social context. Provide a rationale for your response.

From the text and the third article of the e-Activity, use the theory of ethical relativism and the Center for American Progress report to consider the recent bans on foreign law. Propose two (2) advantages and two (2) disadvantages of using foreign or international law in legal disputes. Provide a rationale for your response.

http://hwacer.com/Tutorial/pad-500-week-7-discussion/

According to the text, the Hatch Act defines prohibited activities of public employees. Analyze the significance of these prohibitions with regard to an individual’s political actions. Provide a rationale for your response.

Analyze the key ethical challenges of privatization. Take a position on whether the private sector should be responsible for program outcomes of a public program or service. Provide a rationale for your response.

PAD 500 Week 6 Assignment 2

Week 6 Assignment 2

Assignment 2: Managing Competing Agendas

Due Week 6 and worth 180 points

In this assignment, you will expore how the organization and policitial environment of an agency or departments can impact the issue you selected in Assignment 1.

Using the issue you selected from Assignment 1, write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you respond to the following questions:

Examine the organization of the agency in which the issue resides. Describe the structure and departments within the agency and the manner in which the departments interact with each other.

Given the description you provided in Question 1, describe the primary ways the human resource management part of the organizational structure positively or negatively impacts the issue that you selected.

Given the description you provided in Question 1, describe the primary ways the budgeting part of the organizational structure positively or negatively impacts the issue you selected. 

Given the description you provided in Question 1, analyze the political environment and explain (2) challenges that political responsiveness may present for management.

Include at least four (4) peer-reviewed references (no more than five [5] years old) from material outside the textbook. Note: Appropriate peer-reviewed references include scholarly articles and governmental Websites. Wikipedia, other wikis, and any other Websites ending in anything other than “.gov” do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.

http://hwacer.com/Tutorial/pad-500-week-6-assignment-2/

Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

Assemble the concepts of planning, reengineering, implementation, and program evaluation essential to the study of public administration as it relates to political choice.

Organize the concepts of public budgeting and policy formation essential to the study of public administration as it relates to political choice.

Reconstruct historical trends related to public administration and its influence on managing public and nonprofit organizations.

Organize the concepts of planning and human resource management essential to the study of public administration as it relates to political choice.

Use technology and information resources to research issues in public administration.

Write clearly and concisely about public administration using proper writing mechanics.

PAD 500 Week 6 Discussion

"Designing and Managing Organizations"  Please respond to the following. Note: Online students, please respond to two (2) of the following three (3) bulleted items.

Reconstruct the theories of Fayol, Weber, Taylor, and Gullick. Suggest two (2) ways in which the management process enhances organizational efficiency. Include at least two (2) examples to support your response.  

From the e-Activity, select one (1) agency, and review its organizational structure. Next,  infer whether the organizational structure is conducive to maximum efficiency and performance of the organization. Provide a rationale to support your position.

In Chapter 8 (p.300) of the textbook, Denhardt&Denhardt  stated that human beings often appear “irrational” in terms of the system, even though what they are doing, from their point of view, may be perfectly rational. Refer to the examples below, then construct another two (2) examples that support Denhardt&Denhardt’s statement.  

1. Individuals complaining to the Utilities Commission about paying for power during power outages when no power is running
                  2. Individuals complaining about  the inefficiencies of Bureau of Motor Vehicles
                  3. Individuals complaining about the structural and procedural issues that influenced the response to Katrina victims

http://hwacer.com/Tutorial/pad-500-week-6-discussion/

PAD 500 Week 6 Discussion

"Designing and Managing Organizations"  Please respond to the following. Note: Online students, please respond to two (2) of the following three (3) bulleted items.

Reconstruct the theories of Fayol, Weber, Taylor, and Gullick. Suggest two (2) ways in which the management process enhances organizational efficiency. Include at least two (2) examples to support your response.  

From the e-Activity, select one (1) agency, and review its organizational structure. Next,  infer whether the organizational structure is conducive to maximum efficiency and performance of the organization. Provide a rationale to support your position.

In Chapter 8 (p.300) of the textbook, Denhardt&Denhardt  stated that human beings often appear “irrational” in terms of the system, even though what they are doing, from their point of view, may be perfectly rational. Refer to the examples below, then construct another two (2) examples that support Denhardt&Denhardt’s statement.  

1. Individuals complaining to the Utilities Commission about paying for power during power outages when no power is running
                  2. Individuals complaining about  the inefficiencies of Bureau of Motor Vehicles
                  3. Individuals complaining about the structural and procedural issues that influenced the response to Katrina victims

CIS 599 Week 2 Discussions

DQ 1

"The Four IT Business Management Domains" Please respond to the following:

• Determine the interconnectivity of each of the four IT business management domains as discussed in Chapter 2 of the Stenzel textbook on page 57. Explain how each domain impacts the other.
• From each business management domain, identify the two most important areas a CIO should accept responsibility for in order to strategically lead the organization. Support your answer with a rationale for why you believe these are the most important areas.

DQ 2

"Framework" Please respond to the following:

• Evaluate each of the approaches to applying the framework as discussed in Chapter 8 of the Lane textbook. Determine how each approach would align to the organization for future growth and success. Give your opinion as to the validity of each approach.
• Identify three aspects of portfolio management that allow the CIO to strategically align IT with organizational goals and discuss why these aspects are important.

http://hwacer.com/Tutorial/cis-599-week-2-discussions/

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BUS 599 Week 6 Assignment 2

Instructors, training on how to grade is within the Instructor Center.

Assignment 2: Marketing Plan

Due Week 6 and worth 100 points

This assignment consists of two (2) sections: a marketing plan and sales strategy, and a marketing budget. Note: You must submit both sections as separate files for the completion of this assignment.

For the first six (6) months your company is in business—to give you time to perfect your product and to learn from actual customers—you will start marketing and selling in your own community, a radius of twenty-five (25) miles from where you live.

For most non-alcoholic beverages, marketing (as opposed to the actual product itself) is key to success. Cola drinks, for example, are fairly undifferentiated, as are many energy drinks, juices, bottled water, and the like. Companies producing these types of beverages differentiate themselves and attract market share through marketing and brand awareness—both of which are critical to success.

Section 1: Marketing Plan & Sales Strategy (MS Word or equivalent)

Write the three to five (3-5) page Marketing Plan & Sales Strategy section of your business plan, in which you:

1. Define your company’s target market.
1. Analyze the types of consumers who will be drinking your beverage in demographic terms (i.e., age, education level, income, gender, ethnic group, etc.). Support your analysis with actual data on the size of the demographic groups in your local community (nearby zip codes).
2. Outline the demographic information for your company specified on the worksheet in the course text (p. 107 | Demographic Description).Click here for help accessing a specific page number in your eBook.
   • Hints:At American FactFinder (http://census.gov), you will find demographic information on potential consumers in your area. If you are selling through other businesses (such as grocery stores), indicate the number of those businesses in your local area. You will find information about such businesses in your local area at County Business Patterns (http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/). Check Chapter 2 of Successful Business Plan for more research sources.
3. Assess your company’s market competition.
1. Use the factors listed in the course text graphic (p. 123 | Assess the Competition) to assess your company’s market competition.
2. Defend your strategy to successfully compete against market leaders in your segment.
   • Hints:For example, in the soft drink market, it is intimidating to try to compete against Coke and Pepsi. Newcomers in mature markets typically must pursue niche markets or even create new market categories, as Red Bull did with energy drinks.
3. Defend your plan to differentiate yourself from the competition using the information detailed on the worksheet in the text (p. 131 | Market Share Distribution).
   • Hints:Every business faces competition and the non-alcoholic beverage market is an especially crowded market.
4. Clarify your company’s message using the information provided on the worksheet in the text (p. 160 | The Five F’s).
• Hints:Before you choose your marketing vehicles, you must determine the message you want to convey through those vehicles.

http://hwacer.com/Tutorial/bus-599-week-6-assignment-2/

4. Identify the marketing vehicles you plan to use to build your company’s brand. Justify the key reasons why they will be effective. Provide examples of other non-alcoholic beverage companies that use these tactics effectively.
   • • Hints:If you plan to use online marketing tactics, refer to the worksheet in the text (p.171 | Online Marketing Tactics) to aid your response. Remember that even if you’re selling through grocery stores you need to build your brand and social media is a major part of that in regard to beverages. Some of the marketing tactics that beverage companies use include: sampling in grocery stores, building a following on social media, sponsoring events, exhibiting at trade shows attended by retailers, and so on. You will use a combination of these tactics. For example, if you decide to give out samples in grocery stores, promote your sampling on your social media networks and those of the grocery store.
   • • Hints:If you are planning to distribute through resellers, describe how you plan to reach them, for example, through industry trade shows or by establishing your own sales force. For information on trade shows, visit the Trade Show News Network (http://www.tsnn.com). You can exhibit or network at these shows.

5. Format your assignment according to these formatting requirements:
6. Cite the resources you have used to complete the exercise. Note:There is no minimum requirement for the number of resources used in the exercise.
7. Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
8. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.

Section 2: Marketing Budget (MS Excel worksheets template)

Section 2 uses the “Business Plan Financials” MS Excel template (see: Course Required Files in Week 1). Use the “Business Plan Financials Guide” (see: Course Required Files in Week 1) to support your development of the Marketing Budget.

6. Complete the Marketing Budget worksheet for your company.
   • • Hints:The goal of the marketing budget is to help you determine how much it will cost you to reach your market and achieve your sales goals.
     • Hints: When filling out the “Marketing Budget” worksheet in the Excel spreadsheet:
       • Begin in the current year and complete a marketing budget for the first year of your business. The information you enter in the marketing budget spreadsheet will flow through to your “Income Statement” in the Business Plan Financials.
       • Leave the number at zero (0) for any marketing vehicles you do not intend to use.
       • Remember that all marketing activities involve costs. If social media represents a significant portion of your marketing, assume you will have cost of advertising and that should be reflected on your budget. Even if a social media site charges nothing to use it, you will need to use company resources to manage the site, pay someone to execute your social media marketing campaigns, and will most likely pay for ads on that site.
       • Do NOT leave the “Marketing Budget” blank, assuming you will not have any marketing costs.

PAD 599 Week 6 Assignment 3

Assignment 3: Evaluation of Agency’s Ethics, Cooperation, Leadership, and Legal Decisions
Due Week 6 and worth 270 points

As a consultant, you need to develop an in-depth analysis and evaluation of the selected Agency’s Ethics, Cooperation, Leadership, and Legal Decisions and then provide recommendations for improvement. Therefore, you will conduct interviews with agency representatives and research-related academic sources and government Websites. The analysis will be read by the VP of Accounts and Client Support as well as by the leaders of the agency for whom you are working.

Write a five to six (5-6) page paper in which you:

1. Analyze two to three (2-3) current events from the past two (2) years (using the e-Activity in Week 4*) focusing on the administrative responsibility and ethical implications to the stakeholders, organization, and public regarding the issues in described in the current event. (Title this section Administrative Ethics.) (*Go to The Center for Public Integrity iWatch, located athttp://www.iwatchnews.org/icij/about. Scroll to the bottom of the page to “What We Investigate.” Select a topic and review three (3) of the latest news items about it.)
2. Assess the leadership of this agency (in light of leadership models) and of the political context in which the agency operates, highlighting at least three (3) ways internal agency leaders and   political leaders have influenced the success and / or failure of the agency. (Title this section Leadership Influences.) 
3. Analyze the power the agency has in enforcing the regulations they are asked to uphold (using the e-Activity in Week 5). Discuss two to three (2-3) challenges to enforce the agency’s regulations.   (Title this section Legal Decisions.)
4. Analyze three to four (3-4) strategies for the agency’s future plans for administrative ethics, leadership, and legal to improve the agency’s operation and its primary recipients. (Title this section Strategies for Consideration to Administrative Processes.)
5. Recommend two (2) strategies that will provide immediate improvement based on models that influence public policy and the three to four (3-4) strategies presented in criteria four (4) above with a reason each recommendation would bring about improvement. (Title this Recommendations for Improvements to Administrative Processes.)    
6. Provide proof of one to two (1-2) interviews by submitting the completed interview form with a list of questions for and responses from each interviewee. (Put this in the Appendix under Interview Forms.)
7. Provide four to five (4-5) relevant and credible outside resources that support the content of this assignment. (Include no more than one (1) non-government Website.)

PAD 599 Week 6 Assignment 3

http://hwacer.com/Tutorial/pad-599-week-6-assignment-3/

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The sections must have appropriate titles. The cover page, reference page, and appendix pages are not included in the required assignment page length. The assignment must be submitted as a Microsoft Word document.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

• Analyze leadership models, theories, characteristics, and skills.
• Examine ethical issues and legal statues related to the various elements of public administration.
• Recommend ways to improve specific areas of public administration.
• Analyze past and present political and legal issues, strategies, trends, and models that influence public policy and public administration.
• Use technology and information resources to research issues in public administration.
• Write clearly and concisely about public administration using proper writing mechanics.

Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric.