Statistics Unit 1 Milestone 1 Exam Sophia Course
1
An art teacher is trying to determine which class to offer next summer. She passes out a slip of paper to some of the students in the class asking them whether or not they liked her course, and what class they would most like to see offered in the summer.
Which type of statistical study is the art teacher conducting?
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A single-blind study
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A double-blind study
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A survey
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A census
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2
A shoe retailer decides to record the styles and sizes of shoes that his customers choose. He records this data for an entire year by keeping track of his customers' purchases.
Which statement accurately describes the type of data the shoe retailer is collecting?
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The shoe retailer is receiving raw data on shoe sizes and styles from nearby shoe companies.
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The shoe retailer is receiving available data on shoe sizes and styles from nearby shoe companies.
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The shoe retailer is gathering raw data because he is recording shoe sizes and styles by himself.
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The shoe retailer is gathering available data because customers tell him which shoe sizes and styles they prefer.
3
To determine what percentage of 376 teachers at a university were female, Ryan randomly selected 14 teachers. He then collected and analyzed his data.
Select the statement that is TRUE.
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There are 14 teachers in Ryan's sample, and 376 teachers are in the population.
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None of the answer choices are true.
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There are 14 teachers in Ryan's sample, and 362 teachers in the population.
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There are 376 teachers in Ryan's sample, and 14 teachers are in the population.
4
Several scientific and statistical studies have been done to determine whether or not pollutants in soil increase the incidence of cancer. A study based on many previous studies summarizes that there is no link between pollutants in soil and cancer.
This kind of statistical study is called a __________.
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Matched-pair design
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Clinical trial
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Prospective study
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Retrospective study
5
Aaron has designed a trial to test a new energy drink. Fifty individuals in the treatment group try the new energy drink every day for two weeks, and they describe a moderate increase in their energy levels. Fifty individuals in the control group drink sugar water every day for two weeks, and they describe a significant increase in their energy levels.
What has Aaron observed?
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The margin of error
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The placebo effect
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A confounding variable
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A sampling error
6
A grocery store owner asked the first 20 children who visited the store one day about their favorite snack.
This is what type of sampling?
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Convenience sampling
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Stratified sampling
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Voluntary response sampling
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Systematic sampling
7
A survey conducted among students in the school cafeteria asked a set of questions listed below.
Which survey question would produce a qualitative response?
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How many hours do you spend reading books every day?
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How many cups of fruit juice do you drink daily?
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What is your favorite dish?
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How many servings of fruit do you eat each day?
8
To test the effectiveness of a new, cholesterol-lowering drug, a group of researchers recruits 200 volunteers with high cholesterol to take part in a study. The researchers place the numbers 1 through 200 in a hat and have each participant select a number. Those who picked an odd number receive the new drug, while those who picked an even number receive a placebo.
Which experimental design are the researchers using?
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Representative Sample Design
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Matched-Pair Design
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Randomized Block Design
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Completely Randomized Design
9
A hunter is practicing his aim using a practice target. He takes 5 shots. All 5 shots hit the target, but they do not hit or surround the bullseye. In addition, all 5 shots are very spread apart on the target.
Classify the hunter's accuracy and precision.
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Low accuracy and low precision
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High accuracy and high precision
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Low accuracy and high precision
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High accuracy and low precision
10
A poll was conducted two weeks before an election and showed that the incumbent would win with 54% of the vote, with a 3% margin of error.
What is the confidence interval for this poll?
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48% to 60%
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54% - 3%
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54% + 3%
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51% to 57%
11
Researchers want to test the effects of a new weight loss program. They believe that gender is a significant factor. The participants are divided by gender. Then, within each group, participants are randomly assigned to either the treatment or control group.
Which of the following would be the most effective to test the effects of the new weight loss program?
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A randomized block design experiment
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A matched-pair design experiment
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A completely randomized design experiment
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A longitudinal observational study
12
A travel agency contacted a department store and obtained the list of all people who made purchases using their credit cards at the store in the last month. The agency then surveyed a random sample from the list, calling them to ask their preference for air travel or train travel for taking holidays.
Which of the following types of bias affects the conclusions of the survey?
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Deliberate bias
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Response bias
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Selection bias
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Non-response bias
13
Of 400 randomly selected people in the city of Lyon, France, 60 people had the first name Hugo.
Which of these does NOT represent inferential statistics?
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15% of the people who live in Europe have the first name Hugo.
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15% of the people who live in Lyon have the first name Hugo.
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15% of the people surveyed have the first name Hugo.
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15% of the people who live in France have the first name Hugo.
14
A different coffee seller offered to sell coffee to Jenae's company for half the cost of their current brand. Jenae knew her co-workers were really partial to the coffee they drank now, so she decided to conduct a study to see if they noticed the difference in flavor. Her co-workers were convinced they would.
To avoid any bias, Jenae had a friend provide each person with a sample and said that some had the new coffee and some did not. Not even Jenae knew who had which brand of coffee.
Jenae's strategy is an example of a(n) ________.
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randomized experiment
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matched-pair designed experiment
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blind experiment
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completely randomized experiment
15
Jessica uses a poorly calibrated stopwatch to note the finish time of a relay race. She noted the time as 125 seconds, whereas the actual time taken was 120 seconds.
The percent error in Jessica's calculation is __________.
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-4.0%
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4.2%
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-4.2%
4.0%
16
Which of these random samples represents a representative sample of the number of students who enjoy science class?
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30 students who participated in the science fair
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30 students who failed science class last year
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30 students who received high grades in their science class last semester
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30 students in the lunchroom ()
17
A trainer is studying the effects of vitamin D on his athletes. He has realized that there are many potential confounding factors, such as gender and age. To limit the effect of these confounding variables, he decided to first group two athletes together based on these variables (for example, two 21-year-old males). Then he randomly assigned one person to receive the vitamin D and the other to receive a sugar pill.
What type of experimental design does this situation demonstrate?
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Completely Randomized Design
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Randomized Block Design
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Simple Random Design
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Matched-Pair Design
18
Select the correct statement regarding experiments.
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A researcher can neither control the environment nor observe the response.
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A researcher cannot control the environment but can observe the response.
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A researcher can control the environment but cannot observe the response.
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A researcher can control the environment and observe the response.
19
You skipped this question and it was marked incorrect.
“Ugh,” Daniel says as he notices an office memo on his desk. It had been a fun weekend, and Monday morning came much too soon. He goes to the kitchen to refill his coffee mug. On the way, he runs into Sean, who asks, “How do you feel about the new office dress code?”
Which type of question has Sean asked?
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Open question
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Closed question
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Closed and binomial question
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Open and binomial question
20
Jenae noticed that many of her co-workers would opt for the coffee that appeared to be most recently brewed, regardless of the flavor of the coffee offered. This leads her to believe that what she was witnessing was not really representative of everyone's true flavor preferences. She adapted her experimental study accordingly.
Select one control in Jenae's experimental study.
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Jenae uses different locations in the kitchen for the coffee pots.
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Jenae makes sure that the coffee in different pots is brewed at the same time.
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Jenae places condiments at random places throughout the kitchen.
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Jenae monitors the habits of the co-workers who do not drink coffee.
21
Which of the following data types will be continuous?
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The amount of snow that fell last night
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The letter grade Tyron received on an English test
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The number of books in the school library
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The number of students who like chocolate or strawberry or vanilla ice-cream flavors
22
At a school of 900 students, 20% have blue eyes. A student randomly selects 100 students and finds 17% of them have blue eyes. A second student takes another random sample of 90 students and finds 24% of them have blue eyes.
Which of the following explains why there is a difference between the two percentages?
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The sample sizes were both too small.
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The samples were not random samples.
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Random error; the numbers were different due to variability inherent in sampling.
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Both samples suffered from non-response bias.
23
Choose the statement that accurately describes how a city government could apply systematic random sampling.
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Every individual over the age of 18 is selected to participate in a survey about city services.
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Every resident is divided into groups, and 1,000 people are randomly selected to participate in a survey about city services.
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Every resident in five neighborhoods is selected to participate in a survey about city services.
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Every fifth person in a population is selected to participate in a survey about city services.
24
The manager of a food company wants to conduct a survey to find out whether consumers like or dislike a new brand of soup that was recently launched.
Which of the following data collection methods is mostly likely to get unbiased results?
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Ask the employees in the company which soup is the best.
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Ask customers who visit the grocery store nearest to the manager's house which soup they like the best.
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Ask distributors who supply the products to local retailers about the popularity of different soup brands.
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Ask customers who visit retailers within a 15 mile radius of the company headquarters.
25
A team of researchers want to measure the distance covered while driving compared to a car's driving speed.
Which statement is correct?
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The speed of the car is a response variable.
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The speed of the car is a confounding variable.
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The speed of the car is a dependent variable.
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The speed of the car is an explanatory variable.
26
The following shows the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for the years 2000-2005. All of the values use a reference year of 1983.
Which of the following is true about the CPI, based on the information?
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$100 in 2005 would be equivalent to $194.50 in 1983.
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$100 in 2001 would have been worth 189.70 in 1983.
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$100 in 2000 would be equivalent to $183.70 in 2003.
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$100 in 1983 would be equivalent to $172.40 in 2000.
27
An appliance store manager noted that the sales of home appliances contributed 74% of the store's profits in the year 2010 and 82% in the year 2011.
Of the following choices, which statement about home appliance sales is true?
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Home appliance sales increased profits by 8%.
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Home appliance sales increased profits by 9.75 percentage points.
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Home appliance sales increased profits by 9.75%.
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Home appliance sales increased profits by 8 percentage points.
28
A local school newspaper's editor wants to survey students to determine the approval rating of the current student council president.
How would the newspaper apply the cluster sampling method to find this information?
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The newspaper staff surveys every student in a randomly selected grade.
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The newspaper staff surveys only the female students in the entire school.
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The newspaper staff surveys 30 students from each grade in the school.
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The newspaper staff surveys random students from every grade in the school.
29
The owner of a new store on Main Street wants to turn the boulevard outside into extra parking spaces because she is concerned about parking availability. She randomly selects 500 residents of the town to take a survey, and these individuals have confirmed their participation. One of the survey questions reads, “Many residents believe the lack of available parking on Main Street is a major problem, and extra spaces along the boulevard would help. Do you agree?"
The store owner's survey could suffer from which type of bias?
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Selection bias
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There is no evidence of bias in the way this survey is carried out.
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Response bias
•
Nonresponse bias
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