Wednesday, 1 July 2020

HIS U.S. History I Unit 4 Milestone Sophia Course

Choose the combination of words that correctly completes this sentence:

"In 1856, the caning of ________ in the Senate chamber, in response to his antislavery speech, deepened sectional divisions that, two years earlier, led to the creation of a new political coalition called the ________."



James Buchanan; Whig Party



Stephen A. Douglas; Democratic Party



Charles Sumner; Republican Party



Preston Brooks; Free-Soil Party

CONCEPT

A House Divided: Crises of the 1850s

What set Nat Turner's Rebellion apart from other slave rebellions?



The plot was discovered before the rebellion even began.



It was extremely dangerous for Turner and his followers.



It effectively liberated the slaves of Southampton County.



It was the most successful, even though it resulted in Turner's death.

CONCEPT

The Slave Experience

Which of the following events resulted in western lands being given away for a nominal fee to independent adults who could improve on them?



The Homestead Act



The Treaty of Fort Laramie



The Indian Wars



The Morrill Act

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CONCEPT

Towards a Greater Reconstruction

Read an excerpt from Lincoln's 1864 speech in Baltimore:

“Having determined to use the negro as a soldier, there is no way but to give him all the protection given to any other soldier. The difficulty is not in stating the principle, but in practically applying it. It is a mistake to suppose the government is indifferent to this matter, or is not doing the best it can in regard to it...”

What does Lincoln's speech reveal about the participation of Black soldiers in the Civil War?



Lincoln objected to using African Americans as soldiers, as they were untested in battle.



Lincoln was concerned that they could face more severe consequences from southerners than white soldiers.



Lincoln wanted to convince African Americans that participating in the war would help them be free.



Lincoln thought freed slaves should fight on behalf of those still enslaved in the South.

CONCEPT

Perspectives on Emancipation

Which statement best summarizes the "concurrent majority," an idea advanced by John C. Calhoun to protect slavery in the 19th century?



A Democratic majority was a threat to the Whig minority.



A minority should leave a political community if the majority infringes upon its rights.



The majority’s interests should be offset with measures that protect regional minority interests.



Congress should represent the majority opinion, to prevent minority groups from seizing power.

CONCEPT

Slavery in the United States in the 19th Century

Which of the following played the biggest role in Lincoln's election in 1860?



Many southerners saw Lincoln as weak and open to manipulation.



Northerners were united around abolition and equal rights for blacks.

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

Lincoln promised to end slavery once and for all.



The Democratic Party was divided and ran multiple candidates.

CONCEPT

The Election of 1860 and Secession

Which of the following was a provision of the Compromise of 1850 that appealed to northerners?



Popular sovereignty in the Mexican Cession aside from California



Admission of California into the Union as a free state



A ban on slavery in Washington, D.C.



Bounties offered on escaped slaves caught in the North

CONCEPT

The Compromise of 1850

Which of the following groups sought to destroy vehicles of black political organization during Reconstruction?



U.S. Army



Knights of the White Camelia



Union Leagues



Republican Party

CONCEPT

The Collapse of the Reconstruction

Which element of Manifest Destiny is reflected in the following statement?

"Westward expansion will help solidify the economy and the United States as a nation."



Divine mission



White supremacy



Republicanism



Safety valve

CONCEPT

Manifest Destiny

Which statement best reflects the approach of abolitionists to ending slavery?



"Relocating African Americans is the most appropriate way to end slavery in America."



"Slavery must be contained in the South and not allowed into the Western territories."



"We support a gradual approach to the end of slavery, like that which has occurred in the northern states."



"We appeal to the conscience of all Americans to protect the country’s soul by ending slavery."

CONCEPT

The Abolitionist Movement

Which statement about the Wade-Davis Bill is true?



It was signed into law by Abraham Lincoln after the Civil War.



It was relatively lenient, allowing states to rejoin the Union without majority consent.



It gave all men the right to vote, regardless of race.



It guaranteed former slaves equality before the law.

CONCEPT

The End of the War

Consider the following statement:

"Women can no longer sit by and submit to their husbands, who are like slave masters over them."

Which of the following principles or movements would the speaker most likely support?



Republican Motherhood



The Seneca Falls Convention



The Abolitionist Movement



Separate Spheres Ideology

CONCEPT

Women's Activism in the Early 19th Century

Which of the following statements best represents Abraham Lincoln's experience of and views on slavery prior to the Civil War?



"Skin color should not matter any more than hair color or eye color. A person is a person, and all persons should have the right to vote."



“I have a plan that will achieve the end of slavery in our nation and find a place for each black man to build his own life.”



"The institution of slavery gives unfair economic advantages to the elite, while degrading the dignity of the white working class."



"Though I wish it were different, the United States must honor the rights of slaveowners in all states, even in the North."

CONCEPT

Think About It: Was Lincoln an Abolitionist?

Which of the following supported the criticisms of Presidential Reconstruction by Radical Republicans in Congress?



All men were given the right to vote, regardless of skin color.



Southern states ratified the 13th Amendment.



Southern states refused to abide by the terms of Presidential Reconstruction.



Southerners elected former Confederate officials to Congress.

CONCEPT

Reconstructing the South

Which of the following was an advantage for the Union in the Civil War?



A significantly larger free population



Home-turf advantage



The ability to institute a draft



Long supply lines

CONCEPT

The Civil War

Which of the following officially ended the Civil War?



The surrenders of Lee and Johnston



The Emancipation Proclamation



The capture of Richmond



The Wade-Davis Bill

CONCEPT

The End of the War

Which statement best reflects the mission of the American Colonization Society?



“We demand an immediate end to slavery as it is a moral sin and a stain on our nation.”



"We support the containment of slavery to the South and the eventual triumph of our economic system."



“The goal of our movement is to return freed slaves to their African homeland.”



"We protest against the racial inequality of all African Americans, whether they be free or slave."

CONCEPT

The Abolitionist Movement

Which of the following statements best represents Abraham Lincoln's experience of and views on slavery prior to the Civil War?



“I have a plan that will achieve the end of slavery in our nation and find a place for each black man to build his own life.”



"Though I wish it were different, the United States must honor the rights of slaveowners in all states, even in the North."



"Skin color should not matter any more than hair color or eye color. A person is a person, and all persons should have the right to vote."



"The institution of slavery gives unfair economic advantages to the elite, while degrading the dignity of the white working class."

CONCEPT

Think About It: Was Lincoln an Abolitionist?

Which statement describes Congressional Reconstruction?



As a result of this approach, many former Confederate politicians and slaveholders quickly returned to their prior positions in state and federal government.



According to this approach, southern states needed to do little more than reject secession and ratify to the 13th Amendment.



Some supporters of this approach believed that schools should be integrated, and African American men should have the right to vote.



Under this approach, former Confederate leaders could restore their political and property rights by appealing for amnesty.

CONCEPT

Reconstructing the South

Which of the following statements about the Confederacy is true?



The Confederate Constitution doubled as a declaration of war against the northern states and the federal government.



The Confederate Constitution strengthened state sovereignty at the expense of national government.



The Confederate Constitution was similar to the U.S. Constitution, but it only had a one-house congress and no judicial branch.



The Confederate Constitution left the issue of slavery up to individual states to decide for themselves.

CONCEPT

The Election of 1860 and Secession

Why did the Committee of Merchants for the Relief of Colored People Suffering from the Late Riots emphasize that Peter Heuston's "wife died about three weeks before the riots, leaving with her husband an only child... aged eight years"?



They wanted to show the pain the rioters caused for the now-orphaned child, who had only recently lost her mother.



They wanted people to realize that racial minorities were already victims of oppression before the riots began.



They wanted to show that Native Americans were subject to the same kinds of treatment as African Americans.



They wanted rioters to take responsibility for the damage they caused by raising the children who were orphans because of the riots.

CONCEPT

Perspectives on Emancipation

Which element of Manifest Destiny is reflected in the following statement?

"The lands to the west are ripe for the taking, as their only occupants are savages and foreign nationals."



Safety valve



Republicanism



Divine mission



White supremacy

CONCEPT

Manifest Destiny

Which of the following was a provision of the Compromise of 1850 that appealed to northerners?



Admission of California into the Union as a free state



Popular sovereignty in the Mexican Cession aside from California



A ban on slavery in Washington, D.C.



Bounties offered on escaped slaves caught in the North

CONCEPT

The Compromise of 1850

Choose the combination of words that correctly completes this sentence:

"Following the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, the __________ faded, and Northerners, abolitionists and others formed a new political partnership called the __________."



Democratic Party; Free-Soil Party



Democratic Party; Republican Party



Whig Party; Democratic Party



Whig Party; Republican Party

CONCEPT

A House Divided: Crises of the 1850s

Many thought that, by ending the United States's participation in the international slave trade, slavery would gradually diminish.

Why did slavery nonetheless continue to flourish in the South?



Southern states nullified the federal laws against the international slave trade and continued to import slaves.



As slavery diminished in the North, slaveowners flooded the South with slaves they hoped to sell while they still could.



Slaves in the U.S. had comparatively high birth rates and low mortality rates, leading to natural increase.



Members of the Cherokee Nation who were exempt from U.S. law continued to import and sell slaves on their land.

CONCEPT

Slavery in the United States in the 19th Century

Which of the following events resulted in western lands being given away for a nominal fee to independent adults who could improve on them?



The Indian Wars



The Morrill Act



The Treaty of Fort Laramie



The Homestead Act

CONCEPT

Towards a Greater Reconstruction

Which of the following was an advantage for the Union in the Civil War?



The South's refusal to institute a draft



Easy victories in Richmond and Vicksburg



A relatively simple mission



More developed infrastructure

CONCEPT

The Civil War

Which of the following groups sought to destroy vehicles of black political organization during Reconstruction?



Union Leagues



Republican Party



Knights of the White Camelia



U.S. Army

CONCEPT

The Collapse of the Reconstruction

Consider the following statement:

"A woman can best support the nation by cultivating virtue within her household."

Which of the following principles or movements would the speaker most likely support?



The Seneca Falls Convention



The Underground Railroad



The Abolitionist Movement



Republican Motherhood

CONCEPT

Women's Activism in the Early 19th Century

What set Nat Turner's Rebellion apart from other slave rebellions?



It was the most successful, even though it resulted in Turner's death.



It was extremely dangerous for Turner and his followers.



It effectively liberated the slaves of Southampton County.



The plot was discovered before the rebellion even began.

CONCEPT

The Slave Experience

Which element of Manifest Destiny is reflected in the following statement?

"The lands to the west are ripe for the taking, as their only occupants are savages and foreign nationals."



Republicanism



White supremacy



Divine mission



Safety valve

CONCEPT

Manifest Destiny

Which of the following events resulted in total war against the Plains Indians by the U.S. Army?



The Homestead Act



The Battle of Little Bighorn



The Sand Creek Massacre



The Treaty of Fort Laramie

CONCEPT

Towards a Greater Reconstruction

What did Frederick Douglass mean when he spoke the following words?

"This is our golden opportunity. Let us accept it, and forever wipe out the dark reproaches unsparingly hurled against us by our enemies."



African Americans deserved an opportunity to gain retribution from slave owners.



By fighting in the Union army, African Americans could prove themselves equal to white Americans.



Volunteering in the military would encourage Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.



The military would teach African Americans valuable skills they could use for self-improvement.

CONCEPT

Perspectives on Emancipation

Which of the following statements best represents Abraham Lincoln's experience of and views on slavery prior to the Civil War?



"I've come up with a plan for the end of slavery which I shall carry out as president."



"The biggest challenge to emancipation will be compensating freed slaves for the pain they suffered."



"The West is too insignificant to have any effect on slavery's position in the rest of the nation."



"We cannot recognize slavery as an evil and at the same time allow it to spread."

CONCEPT

Think About It: Was Lincoln an Abolitionist?

Consider the following statement:

"Women have a duty to take direct action in providing freedom for slaves."

Which of the following principles or movements would the speaker most likely support?



The Underground Railroad



Separate Spheres Ideology



The Seneca Falls Convention



Republican Motherhood

CONCEPT

Women's Activism in the Early 19th Century

How did intellectual leaders like Thomas Jefferson and Dr. Samuel George Morton justify the legal differences between whites and blacks?



They claimed that, if slavery were not justifiable, it would not be nearly as common across time and place.



They suggested that, although blacks and whites shared a common lineage, a history of servitude had degraded the African race.



They created pseudo-scientific arguments regarding the intellectual capacity of those of African descent.



They argued that blacks were inferior because they were unable to prevent themselves from becoming slaves.

CONCEPT

Slavery in the United States in the 19th Century

Which of the following groups provided southern African Americans with leadership experience after the Civil War?



U.S. Army



Knights of the White Camelia



Democratic Party



Redeemers

CONCEPT

The Collapse of the Reconstruction

Which of the following was an advantage for the Union in the Civil War?



The proximity of Richmond to Washington, D.C.



More farmers dedicated to food production



Initial victory at Bull Run



No loopholes for avoiding the draft

CONCEPT

The Civil War

Which statement about Lincoln's actions and intentions during the Civil War is true?



Lincoln wanted the war to end, even if it meant acknowledging the Confederacy.



Lincoln's original goal was to preserve the Union, even if slavery remained.



Lincoln was eager to end slavery and make freed slaves politically equal.



Lincoln hoped the Emancipation Proclamation would get one or two border states to switch sides.

CONCEPT

The End of the War

Which statement describes Congressional Reconstruction?



According to this approach, southern states needed to do little more than reject secession and ratify to the 13th Amendment.



Under this approach, former Confederate leaders could restore their political and property rights by appealing for amnesty.



As a result of this approach, many former Confederate politicians and slaveholders quickly returned to their prior positions in state and federal government.



Some supporters of this approach believed that schools should be integrated, and African American men should have the right to vote.

CONCEPT

Reconstructing the South

Which of the following methods used by slaveowners to subdue their slaves was most common?



Balls and chains



Splitting families



Lashings



Forced unions

CONCEPT

The Slave Experience

Choose the combination of words that correctly completes this sentence:

"Following the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, the __________ faded, and Northerners, abolitionists and others formed a new political partnership called the __________."



Whig Party; Republican Party



Democratic Party; Free-Soil Party



Democratic Party; Republican Party



Whig Party; Democratic Party

CONCEPT

A House Divided: Crises of the 1850s

Which of the following was a provision of the Compromise of 1850 that appealed to southerners?



Abolition of the slave trade in Washington, D.C.



Establishment of a southern presidency



Admission of California into the Union as a slave state



Enactment of the Fugitive Slave Act

CONCEPT

The Compromise of 1850

Which of the following statements about the Confederacy is true?



The Confederate Constitution left the issue of slavery up to individual states to decide for themselves.



The Confederate Constitution strengthened state sovereignty at the expense of national government.



The Confederate Constitution doubled as a declaration of war against the northern states and the federal government.



The Confederate Constitution was similar to the U.S. Constitution, but it only had a one-house congress and no judicial branch.

CONCEPT

The Election of 1860 and Secession

Which statement best reflects the mission of the American Colonization Society?



“We demand an immediate end to slavery as it is a moral sin and a stain on our nation.”



“The goal of our movement is to return freed slaves to their African homeland.”



"We protest against the racial inequality of all African Americans, whether they be free or slave."



"We support the containment of slavery to the South and the eventual triumph of our economic system."

CONCEPT

The Abolitionist Movement

Which of the following statements about slave resistance is true?



Women were the ones who more frequently ran away, even though it meant that they would be separated from their children.



Running away was one of the more common forms of slave resistance because it was easy.



Slaves preferred more violent forms of resistance, like rebellions.



Most runaway slaves went to join free black communities, or to visit family nearby.

Which of the following was a result of the Fugitive Slave Act?



White Southerners were satisfied with northern support for the law.



Some states that were required to provide the funds to pay slave catchers refused to do so.



Abolitionists encouraged resistance to the law; some even advocated for violence.



Southerners blamed the North for attempting to limit where slavery could flourish.

Which element of Manifest Destiny is reflected in the following statement?

"The vast frontier is destined to become part of the United States and a place where freedom and democracy reign."



White supremacy



Divine mission



Capitalism



Safety valve

Which statement best reflects the beliefs of opponents to slavery motivated by free labor ideology?



“Slavery is a societal evil and our country will be judged negatively by other nations for condoning it.”



"We believe all African Americans have the right to become equal citizens in the United States." hwacer.com



“Colonization as a solution to slavery merely deepens racism and perpetuates wicked practices.”



“The institution of slavery creates a leisure class that unfairly exploits the work of others.”

HIS U.S. History I Unit 3 Milestone Sophia Course

For what purpose was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?



To satisfy a commitment made to Anti-Federalists during ratification to clarify the unalienable rights that all Americans possess



To satisfy Thomas Jefferson's demand that a framework by which new rights could be added to the Constitution be established



To separate the three branches of government from each other, as promised to the Federalists during ratification



To satisfy Alexander Hamilton's concern that too much power was being concentrated in the hands of the people

CONCEPT

Federalists in Power

What is one way that the newly drafted Constitution reflected the principles of republicanism?



It allowed for individual voters to determine who should be president.



All federal representatives would be elected by the citizens of each state by popular vote.



Electors, rather than individual voters, cast votes for president and vice president.



The government agreed to regulate and impose penalties on the international slave trade.

CONCEPT

Drafting the Constitution

Which of the following statements might have been said by an Anti-Federalist?



“Dividing the federal government into three branches will sufficiently protect our individual liberties.”



"A strong central government will concentrate too much power in the hands of an elite few."



"A pure democracy would devolve into mob rule and the blind following of tyrants."



"Our nation is not large enough to necessitate or benefit from a republican form of government."

CONCEPT

Visions of Government

Which of the following fears led in part to the creation of a republic instead of a democracy?



The fear that government would allow toleration of Catholics



The fear that government would be unable to raise enough money



The fear that government would be used to redistribute wealth



The fear that government would reunite with Britain

CONCEPT

Creating a Republic

Which of the following was a major economic shift in the North in the early 19th century?



Improvements in transportation facilitated a shift in population from the northern states to the southern ones.



Free-labor ideology created closer ties between the North and the South.



With the invention of interchangeable parts, many crafts became mechanized in factories.



The development of steamboats was part of a transportation revolution in the North.

CONCEPT

The Northern Economy

Why was the Missouri Compromise significant?



It highlighted divisions over slavery that had been growing since the nation gained independence.



It led to a revival of the Federalist party.



It let states decide for themselves whether to allow or forbid slavery.



It decided the election of 1824 without any consideration for the popular vote.

CONCEPT

The Sectional Crisis and the ʺCorrupt Bargainʺ of 1824

Which of the following statements about the rise of democracy is true?



Voting rights for women expanded in the early 19th century.



Free blacks could vote in many states after the American Revolution, but that right was mostly lost by the 1820s.



Even as voting rights became less strict, fewer than half of all white men could vote by the 1820s.



Western states modeled their voting laws on those of the eastern states that preceded them into the union.

CONCEPT

The Promise and Limits of Democracy

Why did some textile companies prefer to hire young women rather than whole family units?



By hiring women, such companies hoped to correct a labor imbalance that was based on gender.



Young women were more likely to have innovative ideas about how to increase production.



Young women had few employment options and could be paid a very low wage.



Young women had formed unions that could benefit both the employers and the employees.

CONCEPT

Market Revolution and Economic Changes

Which of the following statements about political tensions during the Jackson administration is true?



Southern plantation owners believed tariffs did more harm than good.



All of the southern states nullified the federal government's tariff.



Jackson questioned the right of the federal government to pass tariffs at all.



Jackson sent military into South Carolina to enforce federal law.

CONCEPT

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The Election of 1828 and the Rise of Andrew Jackson

Which of the following statements is true?



Jefferson's embargo on foreign trading crippled the Atlantic economy to the benefit of America.



The Treaty of Ghent included a promise that Britain would end for good the practice of impressment.



The United States was briefly disbanded and reabsorbed into Great Britain.



Washington D.C. was burned to the ground by British troops during the War of 1812.

CONCEPT

The War of 1812

Which of the following would Jefferson have viewed as a positive effect of westward expansion in the early 19th century?



The cash-crop empire of the South could expand and boost the economy.



New states could be formed and admitted to the union as equals with the originals.



The federal government was able to gain land it could control itself.



Having a larger territory gave the United States a more prominent position in international affairs.

CONCEPT

Looking West

"As we support others' causes, we are also beginning to understand our position in society in a new way."

Which cultural shift from the early 19th century does this quotation represent?"



The antislavery movement



Women's activism



The Temperance movement



The Second Great Awakening

CONCEPT

Think About It: How Was American Culture Changing?

Which of the following statements about the southern economy before the Civil War is true?



The southern climate was ideal for the cultivation of cotton.



The slave population continued to grow as new slaves were imported from abroad.



Slavery began to diminish after the invention of the cotton gin.



Cotton was important in the South, but not to the nation as a whole.

CONCEPT

The Southern Economy

Which of the following was a cause of Indian Removal from the American South?



Fear of rebellions and conspiracies convinced the government to remove native populations.



Elements of white supremacy reinforced perceptions that America belonged to the white man.



The desire of the Cherokee to begin purchasing slaves.



An executive order issued by Andrew Jackson commanded it.

CONCEPT

Think About It: What Were the Consequences of Indian Removal?

Which of the following practices led in part to the creation of Jay's Treaty between the United States and Great Britain in 1794?



The United States wanted to support Britain in its war against France.



Britain had captured hundreds of American ships trading with the French.



Britain had been paying African pirates to target American ships.



Britain had stopped fighting but didn't acknowledge American independence.

CONCEPT

Looking East

Which of the following statements would most likely have been spoken by a supporter of Andrew Jackson?



"The government is morally responsible for making sure the infrastructure is up to date."



"The president should veto legislation that expands the federal government."



"Limiting the use of alcohol will greatly improve our society"



“Sectional divides between Americans are our biggest concern.”

CONCEPT

The Bank War and the Rise of the Second Party System

Which of the following statements about the divided political climate during the administrations of George Washington and John Adams is true?



Attempts by the administrations to diminish the power of the federal government were met with resistance.



The administrations rejected legislation, like the Alien and Sedition Acts, that was meant to unify the nation.



To opponents, these administrations only represented the interests of the upper classes and economic elites.



The administrations refused to send federal troops to quell uprisings, instead leaving it up to the states.

CONCEPT

Partisan Politics

Which of the following was a cause of Indian Removal from the American South?



Fear of rebellions and conspiracies convinced the government to remove native populations.



The desire of the Cherokee to begin purchasing slaves.



An executive order issued by Andrew Jackson commanded it.



Elements of white supremacy reinforced perceptions that America belonged to the white man.

CONCEPT

Think About It: What Were the Consequences of Indian Removal?

Which of the following statements about the French Revolution might have been said by a Federalist?



"We sympathize with the French, but ultimately it is not our place to get involved."



"The violence and aggression in France is shocking and cannot be condoned."



"Our independence from Britain is still delicate, so we should support them all we can."



"The French supported us in our revolution, so we should support them in theirs."

CONCEPT

Looking East

Which of the following statements about the divided political climate during the administrations of George Washington and John Adams is true?



Washington and Adams refused to censor their opponents, as was common practice in Europe.



Thomas Jefferson and James Madison proposed that states could nullify a federal law if it threatened state sovereignty.



Democratic-Republican societies organized to support Washington’s domestic policies.



There was a peaceful transition from Washington's Federalist administration to John Adams's Democratic-Republican one.

CONCEPT

Partisan Politics

What problems might a government founded today under the Articles of Confederation have?



The national government has the power to tax, but it isn't representative.



The state governments have no control over the national government.



The state governments are not allowed to have their own militias.



The national government cannot enforce treaties with foreign powers.

CONCEPT

Creating a Republic

Which of the following did many young women see as a positive aspect of working in the Lowell mills?



Women were only expected to work 4-6 hours a day, giving them ample free time.



There was a greater amount of leeway toward social norms in the mills than in the women's families.



Employers encouraged the formation of labor unions and negotiated win-win contracts.



Working apart from the family with other young women created a sense of independence and solidarity.

CONCEPT

Market Revolution and Economic Changes

Which of the following statements would most likely have been spoken by a Democrat during the Jacksonian era?



"We are alarmed by the tyrannical power displayed in the destruction of the national bank."



“I see President Andrew Jackson as exercising tyrannical power.”



“Andrew Jackson is an ideal leader because he represents ordinary Americans.”



"We celebrate industrial advances and a spirit of improvement and innovation."

CONCEPT

The Bank War and the Rise of the Second Party System

What is one way that the newly drafted Constitution reflected the principles of republicanism?



Electors, rather than individual voters, cast votes for president and vice president.



All federal representatives would be elected by the citizens of each state by popular vote.



The government agreed to regulate and impose penalties on the international slave trade.



It allowed for individual voters to determine who should be president.

CONCEPT

Drafting the Constitution

Why was the sectional crisis important?



It showed that a president could win the electoral vote but not the popular vote.



It showed that, despite the existence of a one-party system, there was still significant political division.



It showed that slavery had to be either allowed everywhere or nowhere.



It showed that most Southerners did not actually support the existence of slavery.

CONCEPT

The Sectional Crisis and the ʺCorrupt Bargainʺ of 1824

Jefferson often used the term “empire of liberty” when referring to the process of western expansion.

Choose the statement that best describes the application of this term.



The port of New Orleans will serve as a conduit for manufacturers to export their goods to Europe.



Territories will be admitted to the union as equal states rather than being ruled over as a colonial power.



Plans will be established for the organization of western lands, but not for their admission to the Union.



The United States will rule Western territories much like Britain ruled the colonies.

CONCEPT

Looking West

Which of the following led in part to the War of 1812?



Impressment of American sailors by British vessels in the Atlantic



Alliance with the French for assistance against Native Americans



Passage of the Embargo Act under Thomas Jefferson



A failed attempt by loyalists to establish an American monarchy

CONCEPT

The War of 1812

Which of the following statements about the rise of democracy is true?



Free blacks could vote in many states after the American Revolution, but that right was mostly lost by the 1820s.



Voting rights for women expanded in the early 19th century.



Even as voting rights became less strict, fewer than half of all white men could vote by the 1820s.



Western states modeled their voting laws on those of the eastern states that preceded them into the union.

CONCEPT

The Promise and Limits of Democracy

Which of the following statements about the domestic slave trade in the 19th century is true?



Most slaves sold domestically were transported to the Upper South.



Most slaves traded domestically were transported to their destination by steam boat.



The domestic slave trade was much smaller than the international slave trade during this time.



The domestic slave trade was facilitated by the spread of cotton production.

CONCEPT

The Southern Economy

For what purpose was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?



To satisfy a commitment made to Anti-Federalists during ratification to clarify the unalienable rights that all Americans possess



To satisfy Alexander Hamilton's concern that too much power was being concentrated in the hands of the people



To separate the three branches of government from each other, as promised to the Federalists during ratification



To satisfy Thomas Jefferson's demand that a framework by which new rights could be added to the Constitution be established

CONCEPT

Federalists in Power

Which of the following statements about political tensions during the Jackson administration is true?



Jackson sent military into South Carolina to enforce federal law.



All of the southern states nullified the federal government's tariff.



Jackson questioned the right of the federal government to pass tariffs at all.



Southern plantation owners believed tariffs did more harm than good.

CONCEPT

The Election of 1828 and the Rise of Andrew Jackson

Which of the following was a major economic shift in the North in the early 19th century?



The construction of canals and railroads provided northern manufacturers with faster connections to the Atlantic ocean.



Free-labor ideology influenced individuals to believe that they could improve their social class with hard work, education and discipline.



The North increasingly viewed the South and its economy as superior.



Factory work gave workers in the North increasing indepedence and control over their labor.

CONCEPT

The Northern Economy

Which of the following quotations best represents the cultural attitudes associated with the Temperance movement?



"Our nation is divided into two: those who choose Satan as their god, and those who make Jehovah their governor."



"Since I engaged in the investigation of the rights of the slave, I have necessarily been led to a better understanding of my own."



"If rights were founded in moral being, then the circumstance of sex could not give to man higher rights and responsibilities than to woman."



"Drunkenness has the potential to destroy the morality of our nation, so it must be countered by all means."

CONCEPT

Think About It: How Was American Culture Changing?

Which of the following statements might have been said by an Anti-Federalist?



"A pure democracy would devolve into mob rule and the blind following of tyrants."



"Our nation is not large enough to necessitate or benefit from a republican form of government."



“Dividing the federal government into three branches will sufficiently protect our individual liberties.”



"A strong central government will concentrate too much power in the hands of an elite few."

CONCEPT

Visions of Government

Which of the following was a major economic shift in the North in the early 19th century

The economies of the North and the South became less distinct, as interchangeable parts increased cash crop production in the North.

Changes in manufacturing created more highly-paid jobs that required great skill to perform.

Rising wages for laborers allow them to gain a more sure footing in society and the economy.

Railroads were welcomed as a sign of technological progress and faster transport times.

CONCEPT

The Northern Economy

Which of the following quotations best represents the cultural attitudes associated with the Second Great Awakening?

"My doctrine then is, that whatever it is morally right for man to do, it is morally right for woman to do."

"Public roles as reformers and moral guides for society reflect traditional roles in the home."

"What begins as a glass with friends soon devolves into poverty and disease and ultimately suicide."

"It is time to reject traditional ties to Great Britain’s institutions and create our own denominations."

CONCEPT

Think About It: How Was American Culture Changing?

For what purpose was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?

To satisfy Thomas Jefferson's demand that a framework by which new rights could be added to the Constitution be established

To satisfy a commitment made to Anti-Federalists during ratification to clarify the unalienable rights that all Americans possess

To satisfy Alexander Hamilton's concern that too much power was being concentrated in the hands of the people

To separate the three branches of government from each other, as promised to the Federalists during ratification

CONCEPT

Federalists in Power

Why was the sectional crisis important?

It showed that slavery had to be either allowed everywhere or nowhere.

It showed that a president could win the electoral vote but not the popular vote.

It showed that, despite the existence of a one-party system, there was still significant political division.

It showed that most Southerners did not actually support the existence of slavery.

CONCEPT

The Sectional Crisis and the ʺCorrupt Bargainʺ of 1824

Jefferson often used the term “empire of liberty” when referring to the process of western expansion.

Choose the statement that best describes the application of this term.

The United States will rule Western territories much like Britain ruled the colonies.

Territories will be admitted to the union as equal states rather than being ruled over as a colonial power.

The port of New Orleans will serve as a conduit for manufacturers to export their goods to Europe.

Plans will be established for the organization of western lands, but not for their admission to the Union.

CONCEPT

Looking West

Which of the following circumstances led in part to the drafting of a new Constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation?

High inflation wreaked havoc on the national economy.

Economic regulations set by Britain were still in force.

Politicians encouraged uprisings against their opponents.

Soldiers were required to continue serving after the war.

CONCEPT

Drafting the Constitution

What problems might a government founded today under the Articles of Confederation have?

The national government has the power to tax, but it isn't representative.

The national government cannot enforce treaties with foreign powers.

The state governments are not allowed to have their own militias.

The state governments have no control over the national government.

CONCEPT

Creating a Republic

Which of the following led in part to the War of 1812?

Passage of the Embargo Act under Thomas Jefferson

Alliance with the French for assistance against Native Americans

A failed attempt by loyalists to establish an American monarchy

Impressment of American sailors by British vessels in the Atlantic

CONCEPT

The War of 1812

Why did some textile companies prefer to hire young women rather than whole family units?

Young women had few employment options and could be paid a very low wage.

Young women had formed unions that could benefit both the employers and the employees.

Young women were more likely to have innovative ideas about how to increase production.

By hiring women, such companies hoped to correct a labor imbalance that was based on gender.

CONCEPT

Market Revolution and Economic Changes

Which of the following practices led in part to the creation of Jay's Treaty between the United States and Great Britain in 1794?

Britain had captured hundreds of American ships trading with the French.

Britain had been paying African pirates to target American ships.

The United States wanted to support Britain in its war against France.

Britain had stopped fighting but didn't acknowledge American independence.

CONCEPT

Looking East

Which of the following statements might have been said by a Federalist?

"The Constitution is necessary to prevent ungovernable mobs from taking over."

"The United States is too large and diverse for a strong central government.

"Individual liberties cannot be assured without a bill of rights."

“The government will be run by the wealthy, who have little interest in serving all citizens.”

CONCEPT

Visions of Government

Which of the following statements about the 1828 Tariff is true?

It was a lower-than-normal federal tax on imports, which was generally viewed favorably by the southern states.

It was a higher-than-normal federal tax on imports, which was generally viewed favorably by the northern states.

It was a lower-than-normal tax on domestically manufactured goods, which was generally viewed favorably by the northern states.

It was a higher-than-normal tax on domestically manufactured goods, which was generally viewed favorably by the southern states.

CONCEPT

The Election of 1828 and the Rise of Andrew Jackson

Which of the following was an effect of the Indian Removal Act?

The Cherokee Nation was finally able to assimilate to white culture.

The Supreme Court upheld the Act in Worcester v. Georgia.

Southern slave owners were horrified by the legislation.

The cultures of the Southeastern tribes were greatly disrupted.

CONCEPT

Think About It: What Were the Consequences of Indian Removal?

Which of the following statements about the divided political climate during the administrations of George Washington and John Adams is true?

Washington and Adams refused to censor their opponents, as was common practice in Europe.

There was a peaceful transition from Washington's Federalist administration to John Adams's Democratic-Republican one.

Democratic-Republican societies organized to support Washington’s domestic policies.

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison proposed that states could nullify a federal law if it threatened state sovereignty.

CONCEPT

Partisan Politics

Which of the following statements reflects planter paternalism?

"The black man poses a threat to the white man, so he must be carefully restrained."

"Slavery is a moral evil, yet a necessary one. The power to bring about its end rests in no earthly authority."

"Slavery leads to conflict between the wealthy and the poor, the white and the black. It must be ended to achieve the vision of the Founding Fathers."

"Compared to the working poor in Europe, American slaves live and work in superior conditions."

CONCEPT

The Southern Economy

Which of the following statements would most likely have been spoken by a supporter of Andrew Jackson?

"The government is morally responsible for making sure the infrastructure is up to date."

"Limiting the use of alcohol will greatly improve our society"

"The president should veto legislation that expands the federal government."

“Sectional divides between Americans are our biggest concern.”

CONCEPT

The Bank War and the Rise of the Second Party System

Which of the following factors contributed to many Americans voting strictly along party lines?

Third parties were made illegal under the Alien and Sedition Acts, signed by John Adams.

Revolutionary ideology emphasized loyalty to one's political party regardless of the candidates.

Voting was a public affair, so people often felt pressure to vote in a particular way.

Ballots were secret, making it easier for a person to vote along party lines.

CONCEPT

The Promise and Limits of Democracy

HIS U.S. History I Unit 2 Milestone Sophia Course

HIS 104 U.S. History I Unit 2 Milestone Sophia Course

Which of the following was an effect of the consumer revolution in the British colonies?



Tea became as popular of a drink in the colonies as it was back in England.



New religious denominations began to result from the exchange of ideas.



Colonial tastes, like Georgian architecture, began to influence English culture.



Colonists became disconnected from England as they traded with other countries.

https://hwacer.com/Tutorial/his-u-s-history-i-unit-2-milestone-sophia-course/

CONCEPT

Growth of the Colonies

Which of the following happened as a result of the French and Indian War?



England gained French lands east of the Mississippi River and Spain got everything to the west.



The bond between colonists and the English back home was strengthened after fighting a common enemy.



France lost all its holdings in North America and the Caribbean, while England retained all of its territory and gained some.



Native tribes learned they could manipulate the rivalries between France and England for their own benefit.

CONCEPT

The French and Indian War

Nathanael Greene was an important figure in the Revolutionary War.

Select the statement that correctly identifies him.



"I realized that if I divided my troops, I could defeat the British army."



“I was in command of the military government in Charleston after the Americans' largest loss of the war.”



“I commanded the military government in Charleston after our troops forced its surrender.”



“To sustain the Revolution through the winter months, I launched surprise attacks at Trenton and Princeton.”

CONCEPT

The American War for Independence, 1775 - 1783

Read the quotation about a vision for American society after the American Revolution.

“Whereas the traffic of White people, heretofore countenanced by [New York] while under the arbitrary control of the British Government, is contrary to the feelings of a number of respectable Citizens, and to the idea of liberty this country [the United States] has so happily established."

According to this speaker, which American value is contradicted by the indentured servitude of white Europeans?



Democracy



Natural equality



Diversity



Religious toleration

CONCEPT

Think About It: What Did the American Revolution Mean?

Followers of the Enlightenment in England and its colonies believed that power must be __________ to best protect individual liberty.



consolidated



balanced



destroyed



absolute

CONCEPT

The Enlightenment and the Colonies

What was one way in which Native Americans challenged English colonial domination in North America?



They resisted their condition by leading a large group toward Florida, killing several English colonists en route.



They were a major power in the Caribbean and Central and South America.



They wielded enough influence to tip the balance of power in North America in favor of, or against, the English.



They established control over New Orleans and the mouth of the Mississippi River.

CONCEPT

The Challenges to the English Empire

What was one difficulty associated with the Proclamation of 1763?



Many land speculators continued to illegally buy native lands in secret.



Native tribes that wanted to sell their land no longer could.



Unable to print their own money, colonists had a harder time paying taxes.



Many colonists believed it deprived them of their right to trial by jury.

CONCEPT

The Aftermath of the French and Indian War

Which of the following motives was common among Patriots?



They wanted to restore order to the colonies.



Many wished to overthrow King George III and elect a new king.



Many viewed themselves as carrying on the legacy of the Glorious Revolution.



They were determined to fight until Parliament would listen to their demands.

CONCEPT

Choosing Sides in the American Revolution

Based on Olaudah Equiano's experiences as a slave, which of the following statements is true?



Only Europeans participated in taking Africans captive and selling them into slavery



The fear of being captured and sold into slavery was not really a feature of daily life in West Africa.



Capture and transport were dangerous and traumatic experiences for Africans.



African adults were targeted and could do little to prevent capture by slave traders.

CONCEPT

American Slavery from an African Perspective

How did colonists in Massachusetts respond to British troops searching for stockpiled arms and ammunition?



Groups of minutemen distributed arms to women and children.



Groups of minutemen forced British troops to turn back.



Groups of minutemen ambushed British troops and killed the generals.



Groups of minutemen continually carried stockpiles to new locations.

CONCEPT

Path to Revolution

Which of the following was part of the Townshend Acts?



Parliament enacted a trade embargo that prevented British merchants from selling textiles in the colonies.



Colonists could send representatives to Parliament, but they could not vote on matters that didn't affect the colonies.



Three additional vice-admiralty courts were established to more efficiently prosecute smugglers without juries.



The British army would only be funded with taxes raised in the colonies, which gave colonists an incentive to pay.

CONCEPT

The Townshend Acts and Protest

Why were protests against the Stamp Act effective in persuading British merchants to oppose the tax?



The British elected new members to parliament who opposed taxation of the colonies.



The king opposed increased taxation and removed those responsible for the Stamp Act.



The boycotts by the Daughters of Liberty hurt businesses back in Britain.



Violent protests had spread to Britain itself and threatened to upset social order.

CONCEPT

The Stamp Act

Which of the following describes slavery in the Northern colonies in the 18th century?



Slavery was not practiced at all in this region.



This region contained the majority of African slaves in British North America.



The slave trade played a key role in this region's maritime economy.



Slave owners in this region were the societal elite who maintained power and influence.

CONCEPT

Think About It: What Was the Importance of Slavery to the Colonies?

Which of the following quotations—from documents associated with the American, French and Haitian revolutions—exemplifies social contract theory?



“The demands of the citizens may always tend toward maintaining the constitution and the general welfare.”



"The Independence of St. Domingo is proclaimed. Restored to our primitive dignity, we have asserted our rights; we swear never to yield them to any power on earth..."



“Oh! Landholders of St. Domingo, wandering in foreign countries by proclaiming our independence, we do not forbid you, indiscriminately, from returning to your property...”



"When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another..."

CONCEPT

The American Revolution in a Global Context

Which of the following actions would be considered salutary neglect?



Colonial ship owners easily get away with selling enumerated goods to nations other than Britain.



English officials petition the crown for writs of assistance to aid their investigations of smuggling.



Colonial governors are appointed by the crown and play an active role in governance.



Colonists accused of violating the Navigation Acts are routinely broken out of prison by their compatriots.

CONCEPT

England Strengthens its Imperial Colonies

Which statement represents support for the theory of actual representation?



"According to our principles, only colonial assemblies may impose internal taxes. Parliament only has the authority to regulate commerce."



"Colonists do not have equal standing before Parliament and are therefore subject to all of its laws."



"Most British citizens do not meet the property requirements necessary to vote in elections."



"Every Englishman is taxed, and many do not send representatives to Parliament."

CONCEPT

Think About It: Is Taxation Un-American?

How had royal officials in other colonies prevented riots similar to the Boston Tea Party?



By dispatching larger numbers of soldiers to guard their ports and prevent riots.



By paying the required taxes out of their own pockets because of coercion from colonists.



By forcing merchants to turn back to England before tea could be unloaded and taxed.



By requiring merchants to unload their tea and pay taxes before vigilantes could get to it.

CONCEPT

Which of the following characterizes the response to the Stamp Act by the Sons of Liberty?



Riots and effigies against stamp distributors



A boycott of British goods like tea and linen



A propaganda campaign condemning the Stamp Act



A letter-writing campaign to promote colonists' constitutional rights

CONCEPT

The Stamp Act

Which of the following groups comprised the gentry in the Southern colonies?



Landowners who had earned their status through indentured servitude.



The free working class who wanted to be as distinct as possible from slaves.



Wealthy landowners who modeled themselves after British aristocracy.



Those who were educated but did not own land and thus could not vote.

CONCEPT

Growth of the Colonies

How did colonists in Massachusetts respond to British troops searching for stockpiled arms and ammunition?



Groups of minutemen distributed arms to women and children.



Groups of minutemen forced British troops to turn back.



Groups of minutemen ambushed British troops and killed the generals.



Groups of minutemen continually carried stockpiles to new locations.

CONCEPT

Path to Revolution

Which statement represents support for the theory of virtual representation?



"Members of Parliament represent all citizens of the empire, regardless of who elected them."



"Parliament has no authority to levy internal taxes on the colonies."



"Taxes should be imposed only by directly elected representatives."



"Colonists are entitled to all of the rights, liberties and privileges enjoyed by British citizens born and residing in England."

CONCEPT

Think About It: Is Taxation Un-American?

What was one difficulty associated with the Proclamation of 1763?



Native tribes that wanted to sell their land no longer could.



Many land speculators continued to illegally buy native lands in secret.



Many colonists believed it deprived them of their right to trial by jury.



Unable to print their own money, colonists had a harder time paying taxes.

CONCEPT

The Aftermath of the French and Indian War

Which of the following describes slavery in the Northern colonies in the 18th century?



The slave trade played a key role in this region's maritime economy.



Slavery was not practiced at all in this region.



This region contained the majority of African slaves in British North America.



Slave owners in this region were the societal elite who maintained power and influence.

CONCEPT

Think About It: What Was the Importance of Slavery to the Colonies?

Which of the following was part of the Townshend Acts?



Three additional vice-admiralty courts were established to more efficiently prosecute smugglers without juries.



Colonists could send representatives to Parliament, but they could not vote on matters that didn't affect the colonies.



The British army would only be funded with taxes raised in the colonies, which gave colonists an incentive to pay.



Parliament enacted a trade embargo that prevented British merchants from selling textiles in the colonies.

CONCEPT

The Townshend Acts and Protest

Which of the following motives was common among Patriots?



They were determined to fight until Parliament would listen to their demands.



Many wished to overthrow King George III and elect a new king.



Many viewed themselves as carrying on the legacy of the Glorious Revolution.



They wanted to restore order to the colonies.

CONCEPT

Choosing Sides in the American Revolution

What did Parliament intend to accomplish with the Tea Act of 1773?



By reducing taxes, colonists would be appeased and perhaps end their boycott on tea and other British imports.



By reducing taxes, imperial merchants could undercut competition from smugglers and still increase their profits.



By increasing penalties for smugglers, colonists would be pressured to buy British tea from imperial merchants.



By increasing penalties for smugglers, colonists would think twice the next time they wanted to protest a law.

CONCEPT

Boston Tea Party

Which of the following actions directly provoked the French and Indian War?



The Albany Plan of Union, by which the colonies conspired to take over New France.



French troops and their native allies ambushed the colonists and killed General Edward Braddock.



The colonists allied with France and native tribes against the Brittish soldiers, who treated them poorly.



English colonists invaded the Ohio River Valley, which connected the two halves of New France.

CONCEPT

The French and Indian War

Which of the following was a positive effect of the Navigation Acts for English colonists?



Goods shipped by sea enjoyed the protection of the English Navy.



Goods could be sold for fixed prices guaranteed by the government.



Goods could be bought from or sold to markets in other countries.



Colonists temporarily enjoyed a greater voice in government.

CONCEPT

England Strengthens its Imperial Colonies

Which of the following quotations—from documents associated with the American, French and Haitian revolutions—exemplifies social contract theory?



“The demands of the citizens may always tend toward maintaining the constitution and the general welfare.”



"The Independence of St. Domingo is proclaimed. Restored to our primitive dignity, we have asserted our rights; we swear never to yield them to any power on earth..."



“Oh! Landholders of St. Domingo, wandering in foreign countries by proclaiming our independence, we do not forbid you, indiscriminately, from returning to your property...”



"When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another..."

CONCEPT

The American Revolution in a Global Context

Based on Olaudah Equiano's experiences as a slave, which of the following statements is true?



Capture and transport were dangerous and traumatic experiences for Africans.



Only Europeans participated in taking Africans captive and selling them into slavery



The fear of being captured and sold into slavery was not really a feature of daily life in West Africa.



African adults were targeted and could do little to prevent capture by slave traders.

CONCEPT

American Slavery from an African Perspective

Which of the following statements best describes John Locke's Social Contract Theory?



“As long as hierarchy is observed, a nation’s citizens will have political liberty.”



“The purpose of government is to protect the individual liberties of its citizens.”



“Humans can use their senses to discover natural laws and apply them to society.”



“Man must use reason and science to combat religion and superstition.”

CONCEPT

The Enlightenment and the Colonies

What was one way in which Native Americans challenged English colonial domination in North America?



They resisted their condition by leading a large group toward Florida, killing several English colonists en route.



They were a major power in the Caribbean and Central and South America.



They established control over New Orleans and the mouth of the Mississippi River.



They wielded enough influence to tip the balance of power in North America in favor of, or against, the English.

CONCEPT

The Challenges to the English Empire

Read the quotation about a vision for American society after the American Revolution.

“This Sir, was a time in which you clearly saw into the injustice of a State of Slavery, and in which you had just apprehensions of the horrors of its condition, it was now Sir, that your abhorrence thereof was so excited, that you publickly held forth this true and invaluable doctrine, which is worthy to be recorded and remember’d in all Succeeding ages. 'We hold these truths to be Self evident, that all men are created equal, and that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happyness.'”

For what is the speaker asking?



An end to capitalism



An end to political tyranny



An end to gender inequality



An end to racial slavery

CONCEPT

Think About It: What Did the American Revolution Mean?

Nathanael Greene was an important figure in the Revolutionary War.

Select the statement that correctly identifies him.



“I was in command of the military government in Charleston after the Americans' largest loss of the war.”



"I realized that if I divided my troops, I could defeat the British army."



“To sustain the Revolution through the winter months, I launched surprise attacks at Trenton and Princeton.”



“I commanded the military government in Charleston after our troops forced its surrender.”

CONCEPT

The American War for Independence, 1775 - 1783

Which of the following actions happened in response to the Olive Branch Petition of 1775?



King George sent Thomas Gage to Boston to restore law and order.



King George lowered the taxes on tea and required trial by jury.



King George removed advisors who had been misleading him.



King George hired German mercenaries to enforce order in the colonies.

The Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689 was the result of a dispute between which two groups?



The Catholic English monarch and his supporters, and Protestant English aristocrats, who feared a strong centralized government



The English monarchy, which had been usurped by James II, and his family, and William of Orange, the rightful heir to the throne, who had been in exile in the Netherlands



American colonists, who felt oppressed by the Navigation Acts, and the English monarchy, which exerted strong control over the colonies



The English monarchy, which had developed too close an alliance with France, and the Dutch government, who feared being taken over by the two nations

What was one difficulty associated with the Sugar Act of 1764?



Colonists worried whether the government could protect them from natives with only half its revenue.



Colonists had a difficult time coming up with the precious metals required by the act.



Colonists felt that vice-admiralty courts violated the English Bill of Rights.



Colonists played a relatively small role in the molasses trade but assumed most of the cost.

Which element was a key tenet of the Great Awakening?



The idea that individuals play a role in their own salvation



The idea that religion needs a strong, central authority



The idea that revolution was the only way to change society



The idea that people are not as sinful as previously thought

Which of the following statements about the French and Indian War is true?



The war started as a dispute between native tribes, with England and France getting involved on opposite sides to win allegiance from the natives.



Though England's government back in London directed much of the war, little money and few troops were sent to help the colonists.



The war was primarily between the French and certain native tribes, with the English supporting both sides at various points.



What had started as tension between colonists and Native Americans escalated into a global war between England and France.

Based on Olaudah Equiano's experiences, how did West Africans attempt to adapt to the realities of the slave trade?



Children stayed together and kept watch for potential slave hunters.



Adults set up traps and barriers to warn the village of a slave hunter’s approach.



Families moved their villages further inland to avoid the slave hunters.



Children accompanied their parents whenever they left the village.

Which of the following quotations—from documents associated with the American, French and Haitian revolutions—exemplifies the Enlightenment idea of natural equality?



“The demands of the citizens may always tend toward maintaining the constitution and the general welfare.”



"It must be the same for everyone whether it protects or penalizes. All citizens being equal in its eyes are equally admissible to all public dignities, offices and employments, according to their ability, and with no other distinction than that of their virtues and talents.”



"We are not ignorant that there are some among you that have renounced their former errors, abjured the injustice of their exorbitant pretensions, and acknowledged the lawfulness of the cause for which we have been spilling our blood these twelve years."



"Liberty consists in the ability to do whatever does not harm another."

Which of the following quotations—from documents associated with the American, French and Haitian revolutions—exemplifies the Enlightenment idea of natural equality?



“The demands of the citizens may always tend toward maintaining the constitution and the general welfare.”



"Liberty consists in the ability to do whatever does not harm another."

Which of the following was a reason why the French posed a challenge to English colonial dominance in North America?



They led uprisings that threatened the economy and the social order in the English colonies.



They engaged in simultaneous negotiations with several European powers to protect their access to lands around the Great Lakes.



They sustained strong ties with indigenous people whose lands bordered English colonies.



They built forts and missions with the support of Spanish missionaries to increase their influence, and to protect themselves from English invasion.

Based on Olaudah Equiano's experiences as a slave, which of the following statements is true?



Historians estimate that nearly twenty million Africans were captured and transported to the Americas.



Slave hunters sought strong young men and women of child-bearing age.



Slaves were usually pre-purchased and delivered directly to their new owners in the Americas.



African traders, European merchants and American plantation owners all profited from the slave trade.

Which of the following actions happened in response to the Olive Branch Petition of 1775?



King George lowered the taxes on tea and required trial by jury.



King George removed advisors who had been misleading him.



King George sent Thomas Gage to Boston to restore law and order.



King George hired German mercenaries to enforce order in the colonies.

On what ground did the American colonists oppose the Stamp Act?



All Englishmen had a constitutional right to representation in matters of taxation.



All people, regardless of their nation, have a right to representational government.



One nation (Britain) does not have the right to tax citizens of another (America).



Parliament had no right to overrule decisions by the legislative bodies in the colonies.

Which of the following arguments was most prominent among colonists in opposing the Townshend Acts?



"External taxation is permissible, but internal taxation is a moral evil."



"The colonies shouldn't have to pay any more in taxes than those in Britain."



"Every subject of the empire deserves at least virtual representation."



"Taxation without representation is a violation of our rights."

Which statement reflects an idea or attitude associated with the Enlightenment?



“God gave the right to rule to the king, and we must never question his will.”



“Our traditions are sacred and have been proven true by our own experiences.”



“We are citizens of the world and open-minded to new ideas and ways of thinking.”



“Religious figures remain the traditional and most trusted sources of truth and understanding."

Which of the following describes slavery in the Southern colonies in the 18th century?



Slavery was less prevalent because of the absence of cash crops.



Slaves were sailors, dockworkers and domestic workers.



Slaves could own property and pass it on to their children.



Strict race-based laws were passed to control perceived threats.

Which of the following motives was common among Loyalists?



Many Loyalists remained faithful to King George because of ideology or personal factors.



Many Loyalists remained faithful because they were native to Britain and had representation.



Many Loyalists remained faithful because they didn't think the colonies could win a war.



Many Loyalists remained faithful because King George promised them representation.

George Washington was an important figure in the Revolutionary War.

Select the statement that correctly identifies him.



“I transferred 15,000 troops to the Chesapeake Bay and moved to take Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.”



“I arrived in America as a volunteer, but was soon promoted to an officer’s position in the Continental Army.”



"I led my troops across the Delaware River to Trenton, New Jersey, on an early morning raid the day after Christmas."



“I realized that to defeat the British in the south, I had to divide my troops, and the strategy worked.”

Henry Clinton was an important figure in the Revolutionary War.

Select the statement that correctly identifies him.

“I was forced to surrender my army of 5,000 soldiers to the Continental Army at Saratoga.”

"My troops forced the surrender of Charleston, from which I led a new military government."

“I was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army by the Continental Congress."

“To sustain the Revolution through the winter months, I launched surprise attacks at Trenton and Princeton.”

What was one way in which the Spanish posed a threat to English colonial domination in North America?

They offered freedom to slaves who rebelled and reached Spanish territory.

They attacked colonists over the spread of rice and tobacco cultivation.

They competed with the British for alliances with the Iroquois.

They frightened English authorities with threats of rebellion and conspiracies.

Read the quotation about a vision for American society after the American Revolution.

“An equality of property, with a necessity of alienation, constantly operating to destroy combinations of powerful families, is the very soul of a republic—while this continues, the people will inevitably possess both power and freedom; when this is lost, power departs, liberty expires, and a commonwealth will inevitably assume some other form."

According to this speaker, what is at the root of a republican society?

Religious freedom

Natural liberty

Widespread ownership of land

Racial equality

Which of the following acts of the First Continental Congress foreshadowed the creation of an independent colonial government?

The Congress recommended that each colony build militias to defend against the British.

The Congress petitioned George III as though it were a foreign government seeking aide.

The Congress declared independence from Britain and recommended that a constitution be drafted.

The Congress imposed its own taxes on British imports and denied representation to the crown.

How did Britain respond to colonial protests against the Townshend Acts?

By repealing all of the acts because of the boycott on British goods

By allowing smugglers to be tried in front of a jury of their peers

By sending four thousand additional troops to Boston

By increasing enforcement of the Acts and adding new taxes

Henry Clinton was an important figure in the Revolutionary War.

Select the statement that correctly identifies him.

“I was forced to surrender my army of 5,000 soldiers to the Continental Army at Saratoga.”

"My troops forced the surrender of Charleston, from which I led a new military government."

“I was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army by the Continental Congress."

“To sustain the Revolution through the winter months, I launched surprise attacks at Trenton and Princeton.”

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Introduction to Statistics Unit 5 Milestone 5 Exam

The government claims that the average age of Californians is 34 years. Joe hypothesizes that the average age of the population of California is not equal to 34 years. He records a sample mean equal to 37 and states the hypothesis as μ = 34 vs μ ≠ 34.

What type of test should Joe do?

Right-tailed test

Two-tailed test

Left-tailed test

Joe should not do any of the types of tests listed

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One condition for performing a hypothesis test is that the observations are independent. Mark is going to take a sample from a population of 400 students.

How many students will Mark have to sample without replacement to treat the observations as independent?

300

360

Rachel measures the lengths of a random sample of 100 screws. The mean length was 2.6 inches, with a standard deviation of 1.0 inches.

Using the alternative hypothesis (µ < µ₀), Rachel found that a z-test statistic was equal to -1.25.

What is the p-value of the test statistic? Answer choices are rounded to the thousandths place.

0.106

0.317

0.159

0.211

Maximus is playing a game. When he rolls the dice he wins if he gets an even number and loses if he gets an odd number.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Rolling an even number is considered a success

The count of rolling an odd number can be approximated with a normal distribution

The count of rolling an odd number from a sample proportion size of 100 can be approximated with a normal distribution

The count of rolling an even number can be approximated with a normal distribution

Mike tabulated the following values for heights in inches of seven of his friends: 65, 71, 74, 61, 66, 70, and 72. Mike wishes to construct a 95% confidence interval.

What value of t* should Mike use to construct the confidence interval? Answer choices are rounded to the hundredths place.

2.45

1.94

2.37

4.58

Mike tabulated the following values for heights in inches of seven of his friends: 65, 71, 74, 61, 66, 70, and 72. The sample standard deviation is 4.577.

Select the 95% confidence interval for Mike's set of data.

59.95 to 76.91

59.95 to 72.67

64.19 to 76.91

64.19 to 72.67

Select the observed and expected frequencies for Item 2 produced by Plant B.

Observed: 9.2
Expected: 17.3
Observed: 12
Expected: 10.8
Observed: 9.2
Expected: 10.8
Observed: 12
Expected: 17.3

For a left-tailed test, the critical value of z so that a hypothesis test would reject the null hypothesis at 1% significance level would be __________. Answer choices are rounded to the hundredths place.

-2.33

-1.28

-1.03

-3.09

Which of the following symbols represents a statistic?

In order to determine if there is a significant difference between campuses and pass rate, the chi-square test for association and independence should be performed.

What is the expected frequency of East Campus and passed?

Edwin conducted a survey to find the percentage of people in an area who smoked regularly. He defined the label “smoking regularly” for males smoking 30 or more cigarettes in a day and for females smoking 20 or more. Out of 635 persons who took part in the survey, 71 are labeled as people who smoke regularly.

What is the 90% confidence interval for this population proportion? Answer choices are rounded to the hundredths place.

What value of z* should be used to construct an 88% confidence interval of a population mean? Answer choices are rounded to the thousandths place.

Adam tabulated the values for the average speeds on each day of his road trip as 60.5, 63.2, 54.7, 51.6, 72.3, 70.7, 67.2, and 65.4 mph. The sample standard deviation is 7.309.

Adam reads that the average speed that cars drive on the highway is 65 mph.

The t-test statistic for a two-sided test would be __________. Answer choices are rounded to the hundredths place.

Which of the following is an example of a parameter?

Half of the receipts at the coffee shop include web address for giving feedback.

All of the members of the community watch group gave their availability to volunteer over the summer.

9047 out of 531,310 citizens voted in the special election for city council.

3.5% of the restaurant goers are given a survey to fill ou

Select the statement that correctly describes a Type I error.

A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually false.

A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is accepted when it is actually true.

A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is accepted when it is actually false.

A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true.

Which of the following assumptions for a two-way ANOVA is FALSE?

The samples must be dependent.

The variances of the populations must be equal.

The sample populations must be normally or approximately normally distributed.

The groups must have the same sample size.

George measured the weight of a random sample of 49 cartons of apples. The mean weight was 45.5 pounds, with a standard deviation of 3.

To see if the cartons have a significantly different mean weight from 46 pounds, what would the value of the z-test statistic be? Answer choices are rounded to the hundredths place.

-0.13

0.13

-1.17

1.17

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Sukie interviewed 125 employees at her company and discovered that 21 of them planned to take an extended vacation next year. She finds that the proportion of people taking extended vacations nationally is 15%.

The z statistic for this data is __________.

0.56

-0.45

0.45

-0.56

Amanda is the owner of a small chain of dental offices. She sent out the yearly satisfaction survey to 600 randomly selected patients and received 544 surveys back. When looking through the results, she noticed that the downtown dental office staff had 84% of clients reporting satisfaction with services, while the uptown dental office staff had 76% of clients reporting satisfaction with services.

Which of the following sets shows Amanda's null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis?

Null Hypothesis: The proportion of clients satisfied at the uptown office is 76%.
Alternative Hypothesis: There is no difference in the satisfaction between the uptown and the downtown clients.

Null Hypothesis: The proportion of clients satisfied at the downtown office is greater than the proportion of clients satisfied at the uptown office.
Alternative Hypothesis: Downtown clients are less satisfied with the dental office staff than uptown clients.

Null Hypothesis: The proportion of clients satisfied at the downtown office is equal to the proportion of clients satisfied at the uptown office.
Alternative Hypothesis: There is a difference in the satisfaction between the uptown and the downtown clients.

Null Hypothesis: The proportion of clients satisfied at the downtown office is 84%.
Alternative Hypothesis: Uptown clients are more satisfied with the dental office staff than downtown clients.

A researcher has a table of data with four column variables and three row variables.

The value for the degrees of freedom in order to calculate the statistic is __________.

Adam tabulated the values for the average speed on each day of his road trip as 60.5, 63.2, 54.7, 51.6, 72.3, 70.7, 67.2, and 65.4 mph.

If Adam wanted to construct a one-sample t-statistic, what would the value for the degrees of freedom be?

What is the standard error for the sample proportion? Answer choices are rounded to the thousandths place.

2.778

0.013

2.818

0.112

Brad recorded the number of visitors at the local science museum during the week:

Day	Visitors
Tuesday	18
Wednesday	24
Thursday	28
Friday	30

He expected to see 25 visitors each day. To answer whether the number of visitors follows a uniform distribution, a chi-square test for goodness of fit should be performed. (alpha = 0.10)

What is the chi-squared test statistic? Answers are rounded to the nearest hundredth.

1.12

3.36

1.40

2.54

Introduction to Statistics Final milestone

Which of the following is NOT a guideline for establishing causality?

Take into consideration all the other possible causes.

Look for cases where correlation exists between the variables of a scatterplot.

Perform a randomized, controlled experiment.

Keep all variables the same to get duplicate results

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Which of the following data types will be continuous?

The number of students who like chocolate or strawberry or vanilla ice-cream flavors

The letter grade Tyron received on an English test

The number of books in the school library

The amount of snow that fell last night

A grocery store owner asked the first 20 children who visited the store one day about their favorite snack.

This is what type of sampling?

Systematic sampling

Convenience sampling

Stratified sampling

Voluntary response sampling

A study in which results are measured without intervention from the researcher is called a(n) __________.

Pilot study

Observational study

Controlled experiment

Simple random sample

Kyle was trying to decide which type of soda to restock based on popularity: regular cola or diet cola. After studying the data, he noticed that he sold less diet cola on weekdays and weekends. However, after combing through his entire sales records, he actually sold more diet cola than regular cola.

Which paradox had Kyle encountered?

Simpson's Paradox

False Positive

False Negative

Benford's Law

The data below shows the grams of fat in a series of popular snacks.

Snack	Grams of Fat
Snack 1	9
Snack 2	13
Snack 3	21
Snack 4	30
Snack 5	31
Snack 6	31
Snack 7	34
Snack 8	25
Snack 9	28
Snack 10	20

If Morris wanted to construct a one-sample t-statistic, what would the value for the degrees of freedom be?

Using the Venn Diagram below, what is the conditional probability of event A occurring, assuming that event B has already occurred [P(A|B)]?

0.71

0.05

0.22

0.10

A correlation coefficient between average temperature and coat sales is most likely to be __________.

between 1 and 2

between 0 and -1

between 0 and 1

between -1 and -2

A researcher has a table of data with 5 column variables and 4 row variables.

The value for the degrees of freedom in order to calculate the statistic is __________.

Mrs. Pellegrin has weighed 5 packages of cheese and recorded the weights as 10.2 oz, 10.5 oz, 9.3 oz, 9.8 oz, and 10.0 oz. She calculated the standard deviation to be 0.45 oz.

The cheese factory lists the package weight at 10 oz.

The t-statistic for a two-sided test would be __________.

-0.20

-0.40

+0.40

+0.20

A survey asked 1,000 people which magazine they preferred, given three choices. The table below breaks the votes down by magazine and age group.If a survey is selected at random, what is the probability that the person voted for "Newsday" and is also age 40 or older? Answer choices are rounded to the hundredths place.

0.34

0.54

0.23

0.66

Which of the following is an example of a statistic?

Fifty employees in a small business are randomly selected to take a survey.

Fifty households randomly sampled in one county have a mean weekly amount spent on groceries.

All 25 students in a third grade class are asked to rank their favorite fruits.

A local newspaper reporter asks 50 citizens for their opinion on a recent city ordinance.

For a class reading competition, the students were asked to read a book. Mike, Jack, and Rayon discussed the numbers of pages they read on the first day. One of them made a graph to represent the data.Who made the graph, and why? Who made the graph, and why?

Rayon, because he wanted to make the amount read by each person appear very different.

Jack, because he wanted to make it look like he read significantly more than the others.

Mike, because he wanted to make the amount read by each person appear reasonably close.

Mike, because he wanted to accurately show the amount read by each person.

Which answer choice correctly indicates the explanatory variable and the response variable for the scatterplot?

Explanatory variable: Temperature

Response variable: Voltage

Explanatory variable: Voltage

Response variable: Thermocouple performance

Explanatory variable: Temperature

Response variable: Thermocouple performance

Explanatory variable: Voltage

Response variable: Temperature

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The midterm exam scores obtained by boys and girls in a class are listed in the table below.What does the circled section represent? Eight boys scored 12 marks on the exam. Eight boys scored over 10 marks on the exam. Two boys scored between 80 and 89 marks on the exam. Twelve boys scored 8 marks on the exam.

Adam tabulated the values for the average speeds on each day of his road trip as 60.5, 63.2, 54.7, 51.6, 72.3, 70.7, 67.2, and 65.4 mph. The sample standard deviation is 7.309.

Select the 98% confidence interval for Adam’s set of data.

55.45 to 70.95

55.45 to 79.46

46.94 to 71.33

46.94 to 79.46

Alice reads a scatterplot that shows data for nine schools. It relates the percentage of students receiving free lunches to the percentage of students wearing a bicycle helmet. The plot shows a strong negative correlation.

Alice recalls that correlation does not imply causation. In this example, Alice sees that increasing the percentage of free lunches would not cause children to use their bicycle helmets less.

Identify the confounding variable that is causing Alice's observed association.

The number of free lunches available

School funding

Parents' income

The number of bike helmets available

Regan wants to study how reading on a computer affects comprehension among elementary school students. Regan thinks that girls and boys might differ and he also suspects that grade level will affect the results. He decides to create a male and a female group for each grade. Within each group, he randomly assigns half of the students to read an article on paper and half of the students to read the article on a computer.

Which type of experimental design does this situation illustrate?

Double-Blind

Completely Randomized

Matched-Pair

Randomized Block

Which of the following situations describes a continuous distribution?

A probability distribution showing the number of pages employees read during the workday.

A probability distribution of the average time it takes employees to drive to work.

A probability distribution of the workers who arrive late to work each day.

A probability distribution showing the number of minutes employees spend at lunch.

Jenae is able to purchase a different brand of coffee for half the price from a new supplier. She anticipated that her co-workers would object to switching to the new brand, as they were really partial to the coffee they have been drinking so far. Indeed, when offered a taste test of the old brand versus the new brand, her co-workers unanimously rejected the new brand.

Jenae's boss, Steven, pointed out that this result was most likely due to the fact that the taste test was not ________.

controlled

replicated

blinded

randomized

Which of the following is an example of a false negative?

Test results confirm that a woman is pregnant.

Test results indicate that a woman is pregnant when she is not.

Test results confirm that a woman is not pregnant.

Test results indicate that a woman is not pregnant when she is.

A data set has its first and third quartiles as 9 and 17, respectively.

Which of the following data points would be considered an outlier for the data set?

A local school newspaper's editor wants to survey students to determine the approval rating of the current student council president.

How would the newspaper apply the cluster sampling method to find this information?

The newspaper staff surveys every student in a randomly selected grade.

The newspaper staff surveys 30 students from each grade in the school.

The newspaper staff surveys only the female students in the entire school.

The newspaper staff surveys random students from every grade in the school.

Select the statement that is TRUE.

The interquartile range (IQR) covers the middle 50% of a data set.

The interquartile range (IQR) is influenced by outliers.

The interquartile range (IQR) is the average value of a data set.

The interquartile range (IQR) is the middle value of a data set.

Which of the following statements about a normal distribution is true?

The normal distribution is single-peaked and symmetric.

A large portion of the data is located near the tails.

A large portion of the data is skewed to the right.

The normal distribution is an example of a bimodal distribution.

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