ENV 101 Environmental Unit 3 Milestone Science Sophia Course

ENV 101 Environmental Unit 3 Milestone Science Sophia Course

Of the options below, which is an example of a nonpoint source of water pollution?



A homeowner fails to repair a deteriorating septic tank.



A limousine company maintains a fleet of 15 cars in a garage.



Fertilizer and pesticides run off from the community’s two golf courses.



A factory discharges its waste water directly into the nearby river.

CONCEPT

Water Pollution

2

Which statement describes the environmental impact of developing countries?



Individuals in these countries have to degrade the environment to meet basic needs.



These countries leave the largest ecological footprint.



Individuals in these countries benefit from efficient food distribution systems.



These countries rely on technology to improve crops and food production.

CONCEPT

Human Population Growth

Agriculture Practices

World Nutrition

Water

3

Which statement about agroecosystems is true?



Agriculture does not change the natural environment.



Agroecosystems have low species and habitat diversity.



Agroecosystems are similar to natural ecosystems.



Monoculture decreases the use of chemicals.

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CONCEPT

Agriculture Impacts

4

Which of the examples below describes an effort to address urban sprawl through brownfield repair?



The site of a bankrupt cement factory is cleared and all hazardous substances disposed of.



Private owners board up an abandoned building.



A flower garden is maintained in a downtown empty lot.



Walking trails are built to connect neighborhoods with popular restaurants and shopping centers.

CONCEPT

Addressing Urban Sprawl

5

Acidic water containing chemicals and heavy metals from an abandoned coal mine has washed into a nearby river.

All of the following are possible outcomes of this water pollution except __________.



An increase in human health risks



A decrease in safe drinking water



A disruption of plant and animal life cycles



An erosion of soil which enters waterways

CONCEPT

Water Pollution

6

Choose the true statement about global agricultural production.    



Corn and wheat supply over half of worldwide human calorie needs.

 



Subsistence crops provide food products needed for survival. 



Cash crops contribute to primary nutrition needs. 



Tea and coffee are examples of non-food cash crops.

CONCEPT

Agriculture Practices

7

The 1987 amendments to the Clean Water Act contained the following except which?



Water pollution limits that set the standards for industry 



The requirement that states determine waterways that are polluted from non-point sources.



Grants to fund state projects such as education of the public and training leaders



The requirement that states develop and implement programs to address pollution sources

CONCEPT

Efforts to Address Water Pollution in the United States

8

Chase collects empty soda cans after the game and takes them to a reprocessing center. 

Which waste disposal method is Chase practicing?



Landfill



Recycle



Compost



Reuse

CONCEPT

Solid Waste

9

Choose the statement that is NOT true about undernourishment and malnourishment in the world.



Most malnourished and undernourished people live in parts of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.



About 25% of the world’s population is undernourished or malnourished.



GMO-based farming is considered an environmentally safe method of addressing global malnourishment. 



There is enough food on the planet to feed everyone; the problem is food distribution.

CONCEPT

World Nutrition

10

Which of the following does NOT negatively affect groundwater?



Increased water consumption by humans depletes aquifers.



Runoff from household and agricultural chemicals filters into groundwater.



Development has caused rainwater to drain into sewers instead of into aquifers.



Humans are utilizing groundwater to generate electricity.

CONCEPT

Water Supply

11

Scientists discover that fish have abnormally high levels of lead in their bodies.

Which type of waste disposal most likely caused this phenomenon?



Combustion



Landfills



Ocean dumping



Composting

CONCEPT

Solid Waste

12

Which of the following is true about water availability?



Agriculture uses 40% of freshwater; industry uses 57%, and households use 3%.



Agriculture uses 52% of freshwater; industry uses 27%, and households use 21%.



Agriculture uses 70% of freshwater; industry uses 19%, and households use 11%. 



Agriculture uses 75% of freshwater; industry uses 17%, and households use 8%.

CONCEPT

Water Availability

13

Select the example that describes an environmental cause of famine.



A country's population continues to increase but incomes decrease steadily.



A corrupt government is overthrown and the country descends into violence. 



Local farmers lack the technical expertise to develop new cultivation strategies.



An area is flooded after heavy rains and all the crops are lost.

CONCEPT

World Nutrition

14

Choose the statement about water on Earth that is NOT true.



Water covers approximately 70% of the Earth’s surface.  



Approximately 3% of freshwater is found in glaciers. 



Only about 1% of fresh water is easily available for human use.



Ninety-seven percent of Earth’s water is in the oceans.

CONCEPT

Water

15

Choose the true statement about water supply and demand.



The amount of available clean water is increasing.



One factor in the increased demand for water is increased waste of water. 



Agriculture uses approximately half of all available fresh water on Earth.



Only about 10% of the world’s population lives in areas where water is scarce.

CONCEPT

Water Availability

16

Which of the following is true about the ecological footprints of the US and developing countries?



The US standard of living requires 2 hectares of land per person, but a developing nation’s standard of living requires 0.2 hectare of land per person.



The US standard of living requires 10 hectares of land per person, but a developing nation’s standard of living requires 1 hectare of land per person.



The US standard of living requires 15 hectares of land per person, but a developing nation’s standard of living requires 10 hectares of land per person.



The US standard of living requires 5 hectares of land per person, but a developing nation’s standard of living requires 0.5 hectare of land per person. 

CONCEPT

Human Population Growth

17

Which of the following is an example of a regenerative agricultural practice?



Sally rotates crops regularly to help prevent pest outbreaks.



Quinton practices no-till farming to maintain the fertility of the soil.



Sadie uses natural processes to stimulate the formation of new topsoil.



Timothy uses compost to improve the long-term structure of the soil.

CONCEPT

Agriculture Impacts

18

All of the following are consequences from the runoff of fertilizers into the water supply EXCEPT:



Fish die due to lack of oxygen in the water.



Agriculture ecosystems are destroyed.



Algae growth disrupts a lake’s ecosystem.



Bodies of water are contaminated.

CONCEPT

Fertilizers and Pesticides

19

Select the true statement about efforts to address water pollution in the United States.



The United States Army Corps of Engineers cannot issue permits that impact wetlands.



Individual states are required to determine what waters are impaired by point-source pollution.



States set their own water quality standards for the public water supply.



The amendments to the Clean Water Act outlined policy and enforcement strategies.

CONCEPT

Efforts to Address Water Pollution in the United States

20

John and Cheryl want to avoid using pesticides as much as possible on their farm. They rotate crops to disrupt insect mating cycles and introduced some common pests’ natural predators into their fields. Their neighbor is trying to keep pests from their crops and gardens too, so they ask John and Cheryl for advice.

Which suggestion below is NOT an effective method for environmentally friendly pest control?



Use only genetically modified seeds. 



Plant several plots of vegetables so one pest can’t destroy all of them.



Use compost and other organic farming methods to provide pest protection.



Plant aromatic herbs to serve as a natural deterrent to pests. 

CONCEPT

Fertilizers and Pesticides

21

Citizens of the United States eat __________ kilograms of meat per person per year.  



120



44



76



90

CONCEPT

Agriculture Practices

22

The citizens of a rural community have gathered for a meeting to discuss the building of a dam on a nearby river. There are many who support the dam for various reasons, but a few have voiced concerns about its long term impacts.

Choose the concern that is NOT a probable impact of building a dam.



Introduction of invasive species



Habitat fragmentation



Loss of natural flooding cycles



Flash floods   

CONCEPT

Water Supply

23

Which of the following is currently increasing because of human population growth and its associated impacts?



Levels of biodiversity.



Amounts of arable land.



Amounts of forest cover.



Contaminants in the air.

CONCEPT

Population Growth Solutions

24

Lillian always locks the cupboard in which she keeps the chemicals for the swimming pool. She has a curious four-year-old and she knows he wouldn't recognize the pretty, colored vials as poison. One day the pool maintenance person returned to his truck for a moment, and Lillian saw her dog sniffing at the open cupboard. Quickly, Lillian called the dog to her side and she scolded the maintenance person for leaving the open cupboard unattended.

Lillian is most concerned about the which of the following factors of the chemicals inside?



Corrosivity



Toxicity 



Reactivity



Ignitability   

CONCEPT

Hazardous Waste

25

Which of the following is NOT an impact of urban sprawl?



Increased land for agriculture



Watershed pollution



Increased crime in abandoned areas



Reduced biodiversity

 

You passed this Milestone

1

Citizens of the United States eat __________ kilograms of meat per person per year.  



120



90



44



76

CONCEPT

Agriculture Practices

2

Which of the following is an example of a regenerative agricultural practice?



Sadie uses natural processes to stimulate the formation of new topsoil.



Sally rotates crops regularly to help prevent pest outbreaks.



Quinton practices no-till farming to maintain the fertility of the soil.



Timothy uses compost to improve the long-term structure of the soil.

CONCEPT

Agriculture Impacts

3

Choose the true statement about water supply and demand.



The supply of available clean water is decreasing because of less water from melting glaciers.



More than 3 billion people do not have access to easily obtainable clean water.



One idea to cope with water shortages in developed countries is to make it cheaper.



Industry uses approximately half of all available fresh water on Earth.

CONCEPT

Water Availability

4

Toxic chemicals are filtering through the soil into groundwater, contaminating the drinking water in a nearby town.

Which type of waste disposal most likely caused this phenomenon?



Composting at the community garden.



Combustion at the town's incinerator.



Dumping in the harbor downstream.



Dumping at a nearby landfill.

CONCEPT

Solid Waste

5

Which of the following is true about the ecological footprints of the US and developing countries?



The US standard of living requires 5 hectares of land per person, but a developing nation’s standard of living requires 0.5 hectare of land per person. 



The US standard of living requires 2 hectares of land per person, but a developing nation’s standard of living requires 0.2 hectare of land per person.



The US standard of living requires 10 hectares of land per person, but a developing nation’s standard of living requires 1 hectare of land per person.



The US standard of living requires 15 hectares of land per person, but a developing nation’s standard of living requires 10 hectares of land per person.

CONCEPT

Human Population Growth

6

Choose the true statement about water on Earth.



Humans can easily access a large percentage of the Earth’s fresh water.



Oceans contain approximately 90% of the water on Earth.



Oceans cover about 50% of the Earth’s surface.    



Fresh water is found in glaciers and ice, rivers and lakes, and below the ground. 

CONCEPT

Water

7

Which statement about agroecosystems is true?



Monoculture decreases the use of chemicals.



Agroecosystems have low species and habitat diversity.



Agroecosystems are similar to natural ecosystems.



Agriculture does not change the natural environment.

CONCEPT

Agriculture Impacts

8

Chase collects empty soda cans after the game and takes them to a reprocessing center. 

Which waste disposal method is Chase practicing?



Reuse



Recycle



Compost



Landfill

CONCEPT

Solid Waste

9

Choose the statement that is NOT true about water availability on Earth.



Water use has been growing at twice the rate of population.



Household consumption of fresh water is greater than industrial consumption. 



Agriculture uses the majority of available fresh water.



One fifth of the Earth’s population lives with a scarcity of water.

CONCEPT

Water Availability

10

Which of the examples below describes an effort to address urban sprawl through urban green space?



The city converts an old factory downtown into affordable housing for young people.



The city razes a former dry cleaners downtown, cleans up the chemicals in the soil, and builds a sculpture garden.



A small city maintains a park and forest within its downtown as new businesses build around it.



A new restaurant is constructed on a lot on the edge of town, bypassing several vacant lots within the city.

CONCEPT

Addressing Urban Sprawl

11

Which of the following does NOT negatively affect groundwater?



Humans are utilizing groundwater to generate electricity.



Development has caused rainwater to drain into sewers instead of into aquifers.



Runoff from household and agricultural chemicals filters into groundwater.



Increased water consumption by humans depletes aquifers.

CONCEPT

Water Supply

12

Which statement about efforts to address water pollution in the United States is true?



Less than a quarter of waterways in the country remain compromised.



The state with the most polluted bodies of water has been greatly improved.



Earth Day was originally established with a sole focus on protecting waterways. 



The Clean Water Act protected water sources but did not address the discharge of pollutants.

CONCEPT

Efforts to Address Water Pollution in the United States

13

Choose the true statement about global agricultural production.    



Cash crops contribute to primary nutrition needs. 



Tea and coffee are examples of non-food cash crops.



Corn and wheat supply over half of worldwide human calorie needs.

 



Subsistence crops provide food products needed for survival. 

CONCEPT

Agriculture Practices

14

Amendments to the Clean Water Act in 1987 provided state funding for all of the following except __________.



Point-source cleanup   



Riparian buffer construction



Leadership training



Citizen education

CONCEPT

Efforts to Address Water Pollution in the United States

15

Which of the following is NOT an impact of urban sprawl?



Reduced biodiversity



Exposure to carcinogens inside vehicles



Less walkable cities



Less need for gasoline

CONCEPT

Urban Sprawl in the US

16

An off-shore oil operation has spilled oil into the ocean. The oil floats on the water, preventing sunlight and oxygen from reaching the organisms below.

All of the following are possible outcomes of this water pollution except __________.



Organisms become ill or die.  



Infectious diseases increase.



The natural ecosystem is altered.



Life cycles are disrupted.

CONCEPT

Water Pollution

17

Choose the statement that is NOT true about undernourishment and malnourishment in the world.



GMO-based farming is considered an environmentally safe method of addressing global malnourishment. 



There is enough food on the planet to feed everyone; the problem is food distribution.



Most malnourished and undernourished people live in parts of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.



About 25% of the world’s population is undernourished or malnourished.

CONCEPT

World Nutrition

18

John is cleaning out his garage. He has antifreeze, brake fluid, and transmission fluid to dispose of. He knows they are poisonous and considered hazardous waste, so he must dispose of them properly.

 

John is most concerned about which of the following hazardous waste characteristics of these fluids? 



Ignitability



Reactivity



Corrosivity



Toxicity

CONCEPT

Hazardous Waste

19

Of the options below, which is an example of a point source of water pollution?



Fertilizers and pesticides from the valley’s farming operations seep into groundwater.



A housing development is built over a garbage dump that was buried and abandoned.



A rainstorm flushes litter and pet waste from surrounding parks into a nearby lake.



Salt from road de-icing is swept into the city’s storm sewers.

CONCEPT

Water Pollution

20

A dam is built to create a lake for the public’s use as a recreational site for swimming, fishing, and boating.

Choose the statement that is NOT likely to be an impact of building the dam.



The availability of fresh water for human use is threatened. 



Animal populations are displaced.  



Trees, plants, and habitats are destroyed.



Water in the lake becomes a breeding ground for mosquitoes.

CONCEPT

Water Supply

21

Phyllis has an organic apple orchard. The round-headed apple tree borer can kill a tree, and most farmers spray a pesticide to kill the borers, but Phyllis uses neem oil, an oil from the seeds of an Indian evergreen tree, to interrupt the insects' life cycle.

Of the other practices she has introduced below, choose the one that is NOT an environmentally friendly form of pest control.



She uses fungal-rich mulch and herbal sprays to boost the trees’ immune systems.



Phyllis treats larvae deep in the wood of a tree with a chemical repellent. 



She plants herbs to attract native bees to pollinate the apple blossoms.



Phyllis keeps chickens in the apple orchard to control insects.   

CONCEPT

Fertilizers and Pesticides

22

Which of the following is currently increasing because of human population growth and its associated impacts?



Non-renewable resources.



Freshwater supplies.



Land available for crops.



Sea levels.

CONCEPT

Population Growth Solutions

23

All of the following are consequences from the runoff of fertilizers into the water supply EXCEPT:



Algae growth disrupts a lake’s ecosystem.



Bodies of water are contaminated.



Fish die due to lack of oxygen in the water.



Agriculture ecosystems are destroyed.

CONCEPT

Fertilizers and Pesticides

24

Which statement describes the environmental impact of developed countries?



These countries use the least amount of the world’s fresh water supply.



These countries leave the smallest ecological footprint.



They have a higher rate of population growth.



They have a lower rate of population growth.

CONCEPT

Human Population Growth

Agriculture Practices

World Nutrition

Water

25

Select the example that describes a political cause of famine.



A country does not have the purchasing power to import food.



An administration halts food distribution to certain parts of a country.



Farmers lack the money to acquire the seeds of a new corn hybrid.



A severe drought limits foods produced in a heavily populated area.

 

Choose the true statement about global agricultural production.    



Cash crops contribute to primary nutrition needs. 



Tea and coffee are examples of non-food cash crops.



Corn and wheat supply over half of worldwide human calorie needs.

 



Subsistence crops provide food products needed for survival. 

CONCEPT

Agriculture Practices

2

John and Cheryl want to avoid using pesticides as much as possible on their farm. They rotate crops to disrupt insect mating cycles and introduced some common pests’ natural predators into their fields. Their neighbor is trying to keep pests from their crops and gardens too, so they ask John and Cheryl for advice.

Which suggestion below is NOT an effective method for environmentally friendly pest control?



Use only genetically modified seeds. 



Plant aromatic herbs to serve as a natural deterrent to pests. 



Plant several plots of vegetables so one pest can’t destroy all of them.



Use compost and other organic farming methods to provide pest protection.

CONCEPT

Fertilizers and Pesticides

3

The 1987 amendments to the Clean Water Act contained the following except which?



The requirement that states determine waterways that are polluted from non-point sources.



Water pollution limits that set the standards for industry 



Grants to fund state projects such as education of the public and training leaders



The requirement that states develop and implement programs to address pollution sources

CONCEPT

Efforts to Address Water Pollution in the United States

4

Scientists discover that fish have abnormally high levels of lead in their bodies.

Which type of waste disposal most likely caused this phenomenon?



Landfills



Ocean dumping



Combustion



Composting

CONCEPT

Solid Waste

5

Which of the numbers below correctly indicates how many pounds of grain an animal in the US that is domesticated for meat is fed for each pound of meat produced?



Sixteen



Twenty



Ten



Eight

CONCEPT

Agriculture Practices

6

All of the following are consequences from the runoff of fertilizers into the water supply EXCEPT:



Bodies of water are contaminated.



Algae growth disrupts a lake’s ecosystem.



Fish die due to lack of oxygen in the water.



Agriculture ecosystems are destroyed.

CONCEPT

Fertilizers and Pesticides

7

Which of the following is an example of a sustainable agricultural practice?



Patrick supplies local restaurants with a variety of produce by rotating his crops regularly.



Maura attracts birds, insects, and spiders that are natural predators of crop pests.



Noah applies a new fertilizer to fix nitrogen in the ground.



Jerome establishes a corn monoculture to increase his farm's production. 

CONCEPT

Agriculture Impacts

8

A dam is built to create a lake for the public’s use as a recreational site for swimming, fishing, and boating.

Choose the statement that is NOT likely to be an impact of building the dam.



Trees, plants, and habitats are destroyed.



Animal populations are displaced.  



Water in the lake becomes a breeding ground for mosquitoes.



The availability of fresh water for human use is threatened. 

CONCEPT

Water Supply

9

Which of the following is true about water supply and demand?



People waste less water than they once did.



Water supply is fixed and unchanging.



The amount of available clean water is increasing.



Water use is growing twice as fast as the population. 

CONCEPT

Water Availability

10

Which of the following is NOT an impact of urban sprawl?



Less need for gasoline



Less walkable cities



Reduced biodiversity



Exposure to carcinogens inside vehicles

CONCEPT

Urban Sprawl in the US

11

Which of the following is currently increasing because of human population growth and its associated impacts?



Non-renewable resources.



Freshwater supplies.



Sea levels.



Land available for crops.

CONCEPT

Population Growth Solutions

12

A cell phone manufacturer recalled some 50 million lithium batteries installed in cell phones because the batteries were at risk of overheating and exploding.

The hazardous waste characteristic of the batteries in this example is __________.



Toxicity



Acidity



Reactivity    



Corrosivity

CONCEPT

Hazardous Waste

13

Which statement describes the environmental impact of developing countries?



These countries have an efficient food distribution system.



The standard of living in these countries requires five hectares per person.



They have limited buying power to import foods.



They use the majority of the world’s fresh water supply.

CONCEPT

Human Population Growth

Agriculture Practices

World Nutrition

Water

14

Choose the FALSE statement about undernourishment and malnourishment in the world.



Some areas have more food than they can use while other areas don't have enough food.



Producing more meat is one way to increase food access.



There is enough food produced on the planet to meet the population’s nutritional needs.



Deforestation can create more arable land to feed more people. 

CONCEPT

World Nutrition

15

Choose the statement about water on Earth that is NOT true.



Only about 1% of fresh water is easily available for human use.



Water covers approximately 70% of the Earth’s surface.  



Ninety-seven percent of Earth’s water is in the oceans.



Approximately 3% of freshwater is found in glaciers. 

CONCEPT

Water

16

Choose the statement about human population growth that is NOT true.



Humans are the major cause of environmental depletion and their impact increases in proportion to population growth.



The standard of living in a developing country requires living space of about two football fields per person.    



The impacts of human population growth include pollution, resource depletion, species extinction, and climate change.



The ecological footprint is expressed in terms of land area required to sustain human activities.

CONCEPT

Human Population Growth

17

Which statement about agroecosystems is false?



The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides degrades water quality.



Burning trees to clear land releases carbon dioxide, which increases global temperatures.



Disrupted natural ecosystems lead to an increase in biodiversity.



Nutrition loss in soil caused by erosion leads to the inability to grow crops.

CONCEPT

Agriculture Impacts

18

Which of the examples below describes an effort to address urban sprawl through urban revitalization?



Tons of petroleum-contaminated soil are removed from the site of a former gas station.



Community members change an abandoned store into a library.



Grass banks with benches line a river running through a city.



A new parking lot is constructed to meet shoppers’ needs.

CONCEPT

Addressing Urban Sprawl

19

Which of the following does NOT negatively affect groundwater?



Runoff from household and agricultural chemicals filters into groundwater.



Increased water consumption by humans depletes aquifers.



Humans are utilizing groundwater to generate electricity.



Development has caused rainwater to drain into sewers instead of into aquifers.

CONCEPT

Water Supply

20

Chase collects empty soda cans after the game and takes them to a reprocessing center. 

Which waste disposal method is Chase practicing?



Reuse



Recycle



Compost



Landfill

CONCEPT

Solid Waste

21

Which statement about efforts to address water pollution in the United States is true?



Earth Day was originally established with a sole focus on protecting waterways. 



The state with the most polluted bodies of water has been greatly improved.



The Clean Water Act protected water sources but did not address the discharge of pollutants.



Less than a quarter of waterways in the country remain compromised.

CONCEPT

Efforts to Address Water Pollution in the United States

22

A septic tank was not installed properly and waste water has risen above ground and flows toward a nearby lake.

Which of the following is NOT likely to be a result of this occurrence?



The polluted water can break a link in the aquatic food chain.



Drinking the lake water can cause disease.



Algae will grow in the water, using oxygen fish need.



The waste water will be diluted before it reaches the lake.

CONCEPT

Water Pollution

23

Choose the statement that is NOT true about water availability on Earth.



Twenty percent of the world’s population lives in an area where water is scarce.



More than a billion people do not have ready access to clean water.



Industry uses nearly as much water as agriculture does. 



Many major aquifers have a notable reduction in available water.

CONCEPT

Water Availability

24

Of the options below, which is an example of a point source of water pollution?



A housing development is built over a garbage dump that was buried and abandoned.



A rainstorm flushes litter and pet waste from surrounding parks into a nearby lake.



Salt from road de-icing is swept into the city’s storm sewers.



Fertilizers and pesticides from the valley’s farming operations seep into groundwater.

CONCEPT

Water Pollution

25

Select the example that describes an economic cause of famine.



A corporation introduces a new fertilizer that makes the soil more fertile.



War breaks out in a country and farmers are called to serve in the military.



A group of people are stranded in a desert area that provides no food.



A poor country doesn’t have access to technology that makes irrigation easier.