ENV 101 Environmental Unit 4 Milestone Science Sophia Course
All human impacts on the environment, such as the depletion of natural resources, are significantly worsened by __________.
Agricultural practices
Climate change
Human population growth
Air and water pollution
CONCEPT
Human Impacts & Solutions
2
“What the heck is argon?” Chris whispered to his classmate Julie.
“It’s a gas in the atmosphere,” Julie whispered back. “Why?”
“I’m trying to figure out what’s causing warmer temperatures. Thought that might be it.”
The teacher frowned in their direction. “Do you have a question, Chris?”
“Just talking to myself,” Chris said quickly. “Working on this homework here.”
An increase in __________ in the atmosphere leads to increased global temperatures.
Water vapor
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
CONCEPT
Climate Change
3
All of the following describe “carbon footprint” except __________.
An indicator of sustainable energy use
The amount of greenhouse gases emitted by a source
A tool that calculates the age of organic matter
A measure of a source’s contribution to climate change
CONCEPT
Energy
4
All of the actions described exemplify the ideas behind the sustainability movement except __________.
Implementing more efficient irrigation systems
Using pesticides and fertilizers to increase yield
Planting trees to protect soil and stabilize the ground
Increasing mass transit options
CONCEPT
Sustainability and Solutions
5
Which statement about the characteristics of major greenhouse gases is true?
Population growth plays a minor role in the production of greenhouse gases.
Carbon dioxide is the result of both natural and human sources.
Current agricultural practices have reduced methane in the atmosphere.
The amounts of greenhouse gases have decreased since the Industrial Revolution.
CONCEPT
Causes of Climate Change
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6
Thirteen to fourteen percent of the world’s electricity is produced by __________.
Coal
Natural gas
Nuclear energy
Oil
CONCEPT
Non-Renewable Energy
7
Which of the following describes a stationary source of air pollution?
The dry cleaner in town has been in business for 45 years.
Car exhaust from tourists’ vehicles is a concern for many in the community.
Paul takes his motorcycle for a drive around the lake.
Methane is among the digestive gases emitted by cattle on a nearby farm.
CONCEPT
Air Pollution
8
What did the Clean Air Act of 1970 require the Environmental Protection Agency to do?
Establish ways to increase public awareness of air pollution.
List likely dangerous pollutants emitted from stationary and mobile sources.
Name known pollutants and set up programs to monitor their use.
Create limits and regulations for indoor pollution sources.
CONCEPT
Efforts to Address Air Pollution
9
When analyzing environmental issues, scientists try to predict future states or events, which is difficult because so many factors are unknown. Nevertheless, predictions are valuable for determining and managing risk.
Select the FALSE prediction for the future of the environment.
Water pollution is expected to continue to deteriorate both ocean and fresh water quality.
Fewer forests will mean more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Global temperatures are expected to increase by up to 10 degrees over the next 100 years.
Overexploitation of plants and animals will decrease as endangered species legislation is enforced.
CONCEPT
The Future
10
Choose the true statement about sources of air pollution in the United States.
Non-point sources of air pollution are easier to monitor and control.
Natural sources of air pollution include household products.
Mobile sources contribute about half of man-made pollution emissions.
Stationary sources of air pollution are also point sources.
CONCEPT
Air Pollution
11
Which effect of climate change will have a negative impact on human health?
Temperate forests experience a net loss in biodiversity.
Unexpected flooding or droughts bring new challenges to food producers.
Warming temperatures disrupt the growing season and crop planting.
Infectious microbes spread into places where they were previously absent.
CONCEPT
Impacts of Climate Change
12
Choose the statement about the Kyoto Protocol that is FALSE.
The agreement would only slightly lower climate change impacts but it was seen as a start.
In 1997, many United Nations countries agreed to reduce greenhouse gases.
To track progress, emphasis was placed on improvement methods and emissions data.
The Kyoto Protocol has been in force in the United States since 2012.
CONCEPT
Efforts to Address Climate Change
13
Which of the following is an involuntary environmental risk?
A man goes swimming in contaminated water.
A woman develops cancer after working in a building filled with asbestos.
Patrick uses a toxic pesticide to get rid of aphids on his prize rose bushes.
A building management company does not test its paint for lead.
CONCEPT
Risk
14
To use biomass as an energy source to heat a home, one would need a __________.
Furnace that uses natural gas
Tank in which to store oil
Wood-burning stove
Coal-burning furnace
CONCEPT
Non-Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy
15
Which of the following is an effect of acid rain?
Irregular and sparse forest cover.
More solar radiation enters the atmosphere.
Solar radiation gets trapped in the atmosphere.
Respiratory and cardiovascular disorders.
CONCEPT
Impacts of Air Pollution
16
Providing energy for our daily lives is responsible for nearly 26% of greenhouse gases emitted, followed by industry at just over 19%.
Select the option that places remaining contributors in the correct order, from highest to lowest according to the percentages of greenhouse gases they emit.
Forestry – Agriculture – Transportation – Residential and commercial buildings
Agriculture – Transportation – Forestry – Residential and commercial buildings
Transportation – Forestry – Residential and commercial buildings – Agriculture
Residential and commercial buildings – Transportation – Agriculture – Forestry
RATIONALE
CONCEPT
Causes of Climate Change
17
Which of the following is the least effective action individuals and families can take to protect the environment?
Educate themselves on community and global environmental issues.
Choose products and services from green companies.
Limit the number of children they have.
Monitor and enforce regulations.
CONCEPT hwacer.com
Looking Forward
18
Choose the statement that accurately describes coal.
Production and use of this energy source has increased because of new mining procedures.
Supplies for this energy source are currently peaking while demand continues to grow.
This energy source depends upon the radioactive decay of a specific mineral.
After being a popular energy source for over 100 years, its use has declined recently.
CONCEPT
Non-Renewable Energy
19
Efforts to address the amount of water used by humans are part of the sustainability movement.
Choose the item that is NOT a goal for sustaining water on Earth.
Convert sea water into fresh water.
Find new ways to store water.
Harvest rainwater.
Limit the amount of available water.
CONCEPT
Sustainability and Solutions
20
Throughout Earth’s history, there have been warmer periods and colder periods. These temperature changes have had significant impacts on the planet.
Choose the statement below that best describes the difference between historical temperature changes and current temperature changes.
In the past, temperature change was attributed to changes in the atmosphere while today much of it is attributed to the sun’s waning energy output.
Current warming of the planet is occurring faster than any other known temperature increase.
Historical temperature changes were abrupt while current changes have been very gradual.
Current temperatures have been steadily rising for the last 250 years, and historically, temperatures both rose and fell.
CONCEPT
Climate Change
21
The US policy toward energy supply and demand has included all of the following except __________.
Preventing the free market from determining which energy sources to use
Seeking to increase fuel supplies
Adopting some policies to reduce energy demands
Providing subsidies for oil companies and refineries
CONCEPT
Efforts to Address Energy Issues
22
Select the TRUE statement about the Energy Policy Act of 1992.
Required the federal government to list stationary or mobile source pollutants that could endanger public health.
Required the federal government to assess the environmental impacts of any government action or project.
Established a reserve of oil in the United States in order to prevent gasoline shortages.
Set goals for greenhouse gas reductions and provided funding for research in alternative fuels.
CONCEPT
Efforts to Address Air Pollution
Efforts to Address Energy Issues
Environmental Policy
23
Choose the correct description of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
Requires the federal government to establish environmental policies that assess the risks humans pose to the environment and the risks the environment poses to humans
Requires the federal government to implement taxes and fees on substances and activities that are harmful to the environment and to provide grants for substances and activities that improve the environment
Requires the federal government to identify dangerous pollutants, to set environmental standards for industry, and to set national air quality standards
Requires the federal government to identify unavoidable adverse environmental impacts, to consider and assess alternatives to government projects, and to identify necessary project resources
CONCEPT
Environmental Policy
24
Select the energy source that is renewable.
Reservoirs release water to flow through pipes and spin turbines that produce electricity.
Oil is burned to produce steam that is used to generate electricity for power plants.
Atoms of uranium are split to produce nuclear energy.
Power plants convert coal into steam to produce electricity.
CONCEPT
Energy
25
Cassie pulled the boat onto the ice and adjusted its sails. Once she got started she would be able to steer, change direction, and control her speed with a few twists of the ropes. Giving the boat a mighty heave across the ice, Cassie jumped in.
What kind of energy will Cassie use to power the boat?
Hydroelectric
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Select the statement about human impact on the environment that is FALSE.
Pesticide and fertilizer use by humans is particularly damaging to the environment.
Urban growth leads to increased waste, which leads to climate change.
The number of humans engaging in a specific activity impacts the severity of the issue.
Damaging the environment threatens human and ecosystem health.
CONCEPT
Human Impacts & Solutions
2
The benefits of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) include all except which of the following?
Business and industry are allowed to be self-regulating.
The public can serve as watchdogs for government actions being considered.
The chances that environmental damage can occur are reduced.
Decision makers have access to relevant information before making a decision.hwacer.com
CONCEPT
Environmental Policy
3
Which of the statements about renewable and non-renewable energy sources is NOT true?
Non-renewable energy sources are mostly made of carbons.
Approximately 90% of global energy comes from renewable sources.
Non-renewable energy sources will eventually be depleted or prohibitively costly to retrieve.
Renewable energy is often called “green,” “clean,” or “sustainable” energy.
CONCEPT
Non-Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy
4
The Kyoto Protocol __________ .
Required all countries to cut the same amount of emissions
Was intended to reduce greenhouse gases on a global scale
Increased federal funding for reducing emissions in the US
Would have led to an overall increase in greenhouse gases
CONCEPT
Efforts to Address Climate Change
5
The US policy toward energy supply and demand has included all of the following except __________.
Providing subsidies for oil companies and refineries
Adopting some policies to reduce energy demands
Seeking to increase fuel supplies
Preventing the free market from determining which energy sources to use
CONCEPT
Efforts to Address Energy Issues
6
Which of the following describes a stationary source of air pollution?
Methane is among the digestive gases emitted by cattle on a nearby farm.
Paul takes his motorcycle for a drive around the lake.
Car exhaust from tourists’ vehicles is a concern for many in the community.
The dry cleaner in town has been in business for 45 years.
CONCEPT
Air Pollution
7
Throughout Earth’s history, there have been warmer periods and colder periods. These temperature changes have had significant impacts on the planet.
Choose the statement below that best describes the difference between historical temperature changes and current temperature changes.
Current warming of the planet is occurring faster than any other known temperature increase.
Current temperatures have been steadily rising for the last 250 years, and historically, temperatures both rose and fell.
In the past, temperature change was attributed to changes in the atmosphere while today much of it is attributed to the sun’s waning energy output.
Historical temperature changes were abrupt while current changes have been very gradual.
CONCEPT
Looking Forward
9
“What the heck is argon?” Chris whispered to his classmate Julie.
“It’s a gas in the atmosphere,” Julie whispered back. “Why?”
“I’m trying to figure out what’s causing warmer temperatures. Thought that might be it.”
The teacher frowned in their direction. “Do you have a question, Chris?”
“Just talking to myself,” Chris said quickly. “Working on this homework here.”
An increase in __________ in the atmosphere leads to increased global temperatures.
Nitrogen
Water vapor
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
CONCEPT
Climate Change
10
Select the energy source that is non-renewable.
Algae is made into biodiesel.
A dam converts running water into electricity.
A natural gas stove allows chefs to adjust the flame during cooking.
A solar farm produces electricity for 2,000 homes.
CONCEPT
Causes of Climate Change
12
Choose the true statement about sources of air pollution in the United States.
Non-point sources of air pollution are easier to monitor and control.
Natural sources of air pollution include household products.
Mobile sources contribute about half of man-made pollution emissions.
Stationary sources of air pollution are also point sources.
CONCEPT
Air Pollution
13
Choose the statement that accurately describes oil.
Contains methane and occurs naturally in underground pockets.
Can be burned to heat water into steam that drives a generator that produces electricity.
Mined minerals and the heat of radioactive decay produce electricity.
Liquid form of hydrocarbons found underground that can be burned for energy.
CONCEPT
Non-Renewable Energy
14
Efforts to protect the environment are part of the sustainability movement.
Choose the item that is NOT a goal for sustaining the environment.
Create buffer zones where development cannot occur.
Adjust crop variety and planting seasons.
Consider climate change issues when building roads.
Improve access to clean drinking water.
CONCEPT
Sustainability and Solutions
15
Which of the following is an involuntary environmental risk?
A man goes fishing in a lake known to be contaminated with mercury.
A dam breaks, flooding the business area of a small town.
Lauren uses paint with lead in it because she cannot find the right color in unleaded paint.
Diana opens a business that is located close to a cement factory.
CONCEPT
Risk
16
Which of the following is an effect of ozone layer depletion?
Emphysema, asthma, and bronchitis are more prevalent.
Increased rates of skin cancer.
Bodies of water become acidic, disrupting ecosystems.
Increased levels of lead, radon, or asbestos.
CONCEPT
Impacts of Air Pollution
17
What did the Clean Air Act of 1970 require the Environmental Protection Agency to do?
List likely dangerous pollutants emitted from stationary and mobile sources.
Name known pollutants and set up programs to monitor their use.
Establish ways to increase public awareness of air pollution.
Create limits and regulations for indoor pollution sources.
CONCEPT
Efforts to Address Air Pollution
18
Which effect of climate change will prompt changes in agricultural practices?
Heat-related deaths rise for a population as temperatures increase.
Part of a beach erodes due to rising sea levels.
Decreased rainfall affects hydroelectric energy produced by a dam.
Warming temperatures bring new pests into an area.
CONCEPT
Impacts of Climate Change
19
Choose the statement that accurately describes nuclear energy.
Animal habitats are damaged and fragmented when pipes are laid to distribute this energy source.
Emissions from this energy source can create acid rain, which disrupts forest ecosystems.
Exposure to benzene compounds can cause cancer among those who work with this energy source.
Waste from this energy source must be stored safely for hundreds of years.
CONCEPT
Non-Renewable Energy
20
When analyzing environmental issues, scientists try to predict future states or events, which is difficult because so many factors are unknown. Nevertheless, predictions are valuable for determining and managing risk.
Select the FALSE prediction for the future of the environment.
Deforestation threatens plant and animal species but will have little impact on climate.
Climate change will lead to more extreme weather patterns, including severe storms.
Nearly half of the world’s population will face severe water shortages.
If rates of deforestation continue, all the forests on Earth will be gone in 100 years.
CONCEPT
Renewable Energy
22
What increasing greenhouse gas is of particular concern because it is so potent?
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Ozone
Nitrogen
CONCEPT
Causes of Climate Change
23
Choose the action that is NOT associated with the sustainability movement.
A farmer replaces aging water infrastructures on his farm to ensure long-term access to safe drinking water.
A restaurant in a large US city imports truffles from France to support international trade.
A young woman finds a place to live very near to her downtown office building and walks or cycles to work each day.
A homeowner tends trees in his yard to ensure they will provide maximum benefits for future generations.
CONCEPT
Sustainability and Solutions
24
Which of the following correctly defines "carbon footprint"?
A tool used to calculate the amount of greenhouse gases produced by a source
An instrument that absorbs thermal radiation produced by human activities
A means of measuring the percentage of non-renewable energy used by a source
A standardized measurement of a human’s demand on an ecosystem
CONCEPT
Energy
25
What is the responsibility of the Department of Energy (DOE)?
To establish allowable levels of listed air pollutants identified by the Clean Air Act.
To provide ranchers and farmers with financial assistance to implement conservation strategies.
To set and regulate standards for the amount of contaminants allowed in food.
To consider and regulate nuclear material as a power source.
1
Which of the following is a voluntary environmental risk?
Several people fall ill after eating the spinach salad at a restaurant.
Duane moves to a city with heavy amounts of air pollution.
Samantha uncovers a wasp nest while painting the eaves.
Dwight develops cancer after working in the petrochemical industry.
CONCEPT
Risk
2
Although nuclear energy is not based on fossil fuels, why is it considered a non-renewable energy source?
It is dependent on a limited, mined mineral.
It is not a process that occurs naturally on the planet.
It can only be used for brief periods of time without causing environmental damage.
It takes hundreds to thousands of years to break down its byproducts.
CONCEPT
Non-Renewable Energy
3
Select the TRUE statement about the Energy Policy Act of 1992.
Established a reserve of oil in the United States in order to prevent gasoline shortages.
Set goals for greenhouse gas reductions and provided funding for research in alternative fuels.
Required the federal government to assess the environmental impacts of any government action or project.
Required the federal government to list stationary or mobile source pollutants that could endanger public health.
CONCEPT
Efforts to Address Air Pollution
Efforts to Address Energy Issues
Environmental Policy
4
Choose the statement about the carbon footprint that is FALSE.
It is one factor that contributes to an ecological footprint.
It can be determined for an individual, a population, or a region.
It is a tool that measures the use of non-renewable energy sources.
It is used to increase awareness of environmental impact.
CONCEPT
Energy
5
Select the statement about human impact on the environment that is FALSE.
Urban growth leads to increased waste, which leads to climate change.
Pesticide and fertilizer use by humans is particularly damaging to the environment.
The number of humans engaging in a specific activity impacts the severity of the issue.
Damaging the environment threatens human and ecosystem health.
CONCEPT
Human Impacts & Solutions
6
The largest source of global greenhouse gas emissions is electricity and heat production, followed by industry.
Of the remaining sources listed below, which produces the least amount of greenhouse gases?
Agriculture
Transportation
Water and wastewater
Forestry
CONCEPT
Causes of Climate Change
7
Which of the statements about renewable and non-renewable energy sources is NOT true?
Non-renewable energy sources will eventually be depleted or prohibitively costly to retrieve.
Approximately 90% of global energy comes from renewable sources.
Renewable energy is often called “green,” “clean,” or “sustainable” energy.
Non-renewable energy sources are mostly made of carbons.
CONCEPT
Non-Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy
8
Choose the correct description of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
Requires the federal government to identify dangerous pollutants, to set environmental standards for industry, and to set national air quality standards
Requires the federal government to implement taxes and fees on substances and activities that are harmful to the environment and to provide grants for substances and activities that improve the environment
Requires the federal government to identify unavoidable adverse environmental impacts, to consider and assess alternatives to government projects, and to identify necessary project resources
Requires the federal government to establish environmental policies that assess the risks humans pose to the environment and the risks the environment poses to humans
CONCEPT
Environmental Policy
9
What increasing greenhouse gas is of particular concern because it is so potent?
Methane
Ozone
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
CONCEPT
Causes of Climate Change
10
Select the energy source that is non-renewable.
A dam converts running water into electricity.
Algae is made into biodiesel.
A solar farm produces electricity for 2,000 homes.
A natural gas stove allows chefs to adjust the flame during cooking.
CONCEPT
Energy
11
Choose the statement below that is NOT true regarding outdoor air pollution sources in the United States.
Power plants contribute the majority of the sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere.
Natural sources of air pollution, such as forest fire and volcanoes, account for the majority of chlorofluorocarbon emissions
Approximately half of man-made air pollution emissions come from stationary sources.
Highway vehicles and other mobile sources contribute about 60% of national carbon monoxide emissions.
CONCEPT
Air Pollution
12
The results of the United States' energy policy include all of the following EXCEPT:
A continued dependence on burning fossil fuels for energy
An emphasis on the sources of energy and the amount of energy produced
An increase in the production of energy from renewable sources
A direct examination of environmental and human health impacts
CONCEPT
Efforts to Address Energy Issues
13
Efforts to reduce pollution are part of the sustainability movement.
Choose the item that is NOT a goal aimed at reducing pollution.
Control erosion so that soil doesn’t flow into waterways.
Limit the number of children families may have.
Grow crops without the use of pesticides and fertilizers.
Monitor and control disease-related pollutants.
CONCEPT
Sustainability and Solutions
14
When analyzing environmental issues, scientists try to predict future states or events, which is difficult because so many factors are unknown. Nevertheless, predictions are valuable for determining and managing risk.
Select the FALSE prediction for the future of the environment.
Deforestation threatens plant and animal species but will have little impact on climate.
Nearly half of the world’s population will face severe water shortages.
Climate change will lead to more extreme weather patterns, including severe storms.
If rates of deforestation continue, all the forests on Earth will be gone in 100 years.
CONCEPT
The Future
15
Select the effect of climate change that describes a disruption in ecological processes.
Widespread temperature changes affect rainfall patterns.
Rising sea levels erode parts of a beach.
Warmer, drier winters cause animals to shift their migration patterns.
Unexpected flooding spreads contaminants and disease in a city.
CONCEPT
Impacts of Climate Change
16
If you look at a graphical representation of at least a 50-year period between 1920 and 2014, you would see __________, __________, and __________.
Increasing global temperatures, melting ice caps and glaciers, rising sea levels
Melted ice caps and glaciers, changes in the ozone layer, a temperature increase of 2.5 degrees
Slow and gradual changes in global temperatures, receding groundwater, rising sea levels
Decreasing carbon dioxide, fluctuations in temperatures, dying oceans
CONCEPT
Climate Change
17
Which statement about the Clean Air Act is false?
The Clean Air Act requires the Environmental Protection Agency to list dangerous pollutants.
Lead was added to the list of pollutants under the Clean Air Act in 1987.
Smog is one of the air pollutants listed under the original Clean Air Act in 1970.
The Clean Air Act sets limits for both stationary and mobile sources of air pollution.
CONCEPT
Efforts to Address Air Pollution
18
All of the actions described exemplify the ideas behind the sustainability movement except __________.
Planting trees to protect soil and stabilize the ground
Increasing mass transit options
Using pesticides and fertilizers to increase yield
Implementing more efficient irrigation systems
CONCEPT
Sustainability and Solutions
19
Choose the statement that accurately describes natural gas.
This liquid energy source has a number of different uses, from fuel to plastics.
Widely used to heat water boilers, the steam from which drives a turbine that produces electricity.
Use of this energy source relies upon mined minerals and heat from radioactive decay.
Fracking has expanded access to methane that occurs naturally in underground pockets.
CONCEPT
Non-Renewable Energy
21
Current climate change is occurring because __________.
Clouds and reflective surfaces on Earth absorb radiation and the atmosphere warms
Carbon dioxide and methane emit radiation that cannot return to space
Greenhouse gases absorb and redirect radiation back into the atmosphere
The amount of energy from the sun varies and the heat from radiation can be trapped
CONCEPT
Climate Change
22
The Kyoto Protocol __________ .
Would have led to an overall increase in greenhouse gases
Required all countries to cut the same amount of emissions
Increased federal funding for reducing emissions in the US
Was intended to reduce greenhouse gases on a global scale
CONCEPT
Efforts to Address Climate Change
24
Which of the following is an effect of smog?
Damaged soil and root systems.
Increased rates of skin cancer.
Trapped solar radiation in the atmosphere.
Increased respiratory diseases.
25
Which of the following is the least effective action individuals and families can take to protect the environment?
Choose products and services from green companies.
Monitor and enforce regulations.
Educate themselves on community and global environmental issues.
Limit the number of children they have.
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